Oceanography: a key to better understand our world 

Video Course Presentation

1.0 Video Introduction

1.1 Video Temperature, salinity, density

1.2.1 Video Introduction: Vertical profiles for T and S on the Catalan coast, NW Mediterranean.

1.2.2 Video Vertical stability

Introduction

Course structure

1. Introduction to the module 1 (A and B)

1.1 The Mediterranean: a model of an ocean - Temperature, salinity and pressure

1.1.1 Temperature

1.1.2 Salinity

1.1.3 Pressure

1.1.4 Density and the T/S diagram

1.2 The annual hydrographic cycle opposite Barcelona

1.2.1 Vertical profiles for T and S on the Catalan coast, NW Mediterranean.

1.2.2 Vertical stability

1.2.3 Stability gains and losses

1.2.4 The construction and destruction of the thermocline

Quiz 1A

1.3 Video: The formation of dense water and water masses

1.4 Video: The Mediterranean a model of an ocean

1.5.1 Video The pressure gradient force

1.5.2 Video: The Coriolis Force

1.3 The formation of dense water and water masses

1.4 The Mediterranean a model of an ocean

1.4.1 The Mediterranean, a negative estuary

1.4.2 The circulation of the Mediterranean's main masses of water

1.5 Fundamental concepts of marine dynamics

1.5.1 The ?pressure gradient force?

1.5.2 The Coriolis Force

1.5.3 Dynamic topography and geostrophic circulation

Quiz 1B

2.1.1 Video: From the Mediterranean to the ocean. Changing scales past Gibraltar

2.1.2 Video: The water cycle on the planet

2.1.3 Video: The confinement of the ocean and the freedom of the atmosphere. Exchanges of energy and evaporation. Heating and cooling. Consequences of ocean dynamics.

2.1.4 Video: Vertical structure by density. Intrusions and intermediate waters

2.2.1 Video Circulation, water masses and the internal structure of the oceans. Geostrophy or how ocean structure reflects circulation and how the circulation affects structure

2.2.3 Video Wind-induced circulation. Ekman and upwelling.

2.3.1 Video Instabilities. Inertial motion. Mesoscale.

2.3.2 Video Deep and intermediate water formation

2.3.3 Video Climate impact. Heat distribution on the planet. Hidden heat.

2.3.4 Video Non-linearity and instabilities: Niños and Niñas

2.4.1 Video A three-dimensional environment, with little or no visibility and no fixed references

2.4.2 Video A sea full of life: the pelagic and benthic environments. Near to and far from the coast. In light and darkness.

2. Introduction Planet Earth is also 'planet water'

2.1.The Global Ocean

2.1.1 From the Mediterranean to the ocean. Changing scales past Gibraltar

2.1.2 Water cycle on the planet

2.1.3 The confinement of the ocean and the freedom of the atmosphere. Exchanges of energy and evaporation. Heating and cooling. Consequences of ocean dynamics.

2.1.4 Vertical structure by density. Intrusions and intermediate waters

Introduction Ocean Circulation

2.2.1 Circulation, water masses and te internal structure of the oceans. Geostrophy or how ocean structure reflects circulation and how the circulation affects structure

2.2.2 Thermohaline circulation. Water transport and the conveyor belt

2.2.3 Wind-induced circulation. Ekman and upwelling.

2.3 Introduction Other scales of motion

2.3.1 Instabilities. Inertial motion. Mesoscale.

2.3.2 Deep and intermediate water formation

2.3.3 Climate impact. Heat distribution on the planet. Hidden heat.

2.3.4 Non-linearity and instabilities: Niños and Niñas

2.4 Introduction The ocean as an environment. A sea full of life

2.4.1 A three-dimensional environment, with little or no visibility and no fixed references

2.4.2 A sea full of life: the pelagic and benthic environments. Near to and far from the coast. In light and darkness.

Quiz 2

Video: 3A. Introduction

3.1.1 Video Can we do something similar for the ocean?

3.1.2 Video Why do we want to use remote sensing for oceanography?

3.2.2 Video Sensing the ocean surface from a satellite

3.1 What is remote sensing? Why do we want to observe the ocean from space?

3.1.1 Can we do something similar for the ocean?

3.1.2 Why do we want to use remote sensing for oceanography?

3.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of ocean remote sensing

3.2 Electromagnetic radiation emitted and reflected by the ocean

3.2.1 Oceans and electromagnetic radiation

3.2.2 Sensing the ocean surface from a satellite

3.2.3 Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

3.2.4 Ocean colour

Quiz 3A

3.3.1 Video Microwave radiometers

3.3.2 Video Sea surface salinity determined by microwaves

3.4.3 Video How is this used in satellite oceanography?

3.4.3.1 Video scatterometer wind vector retrieval

3.4.4 Video Radar altimeter: the revolution in operational oceanography

3.5.1 Video Beyond satellite measurements: navigation and communications

3.5.2 Video The Argo array of profiling floats

3.5.3 Video Operational oceanography

3.3 A very interesting atmospheric window: the microwave domain

3.3.1 Microwave radiometers

3.3.2 Sea surface salinity determined by microwaves

3.3.3 Sea ice observation and icebergs tracking

3.3.4 Surface wind speed and direction

3.4 Active sensors: satellites that illuminate the oceans

3.4.1 Lidar: using a laser to observe the ocean

3.4.2 Radars: active sensors to illuminate the ocean through clouds

3.4.3 Side-looking radars to image the ocean surface and quantify its roughness

3.4.4 Radar altimeter: the revolution in operational oceanography

3.5 Other satellite applications in oceanography and final summary

3.5.1 Beyond satellite measurements: navigation and communications

3.5.2 The Argo array of profiling floats

3.5.3 Operational oceanography

3.5.4 Final summary

Quiz 3B

4. Video Introduction: Ocean chemistry

4.1 Video: Water, solutes and particles

4.2 Video The biosphere's vertical axis and the vertical segregrations of the elements

4.3 Video The carbon carbonate system

4.4 Video The chemistry of the global ocean conveyor belt

4.1 Water, solutes and particles

4.1.1 General Introduction: A complex chemical plant with no pipes

4.1.2 Water

4.1.3 The chemical composition of sea water

4.1.4 Solute or particle: chemistry and gravity

4.2 The biosphere's vertical axis and the vertical segregrations of the elements

4.2.1 Production: light, nutrients and organisms

4.2.2 Vertical segregation and the role of auxiliary energy in production

4.2.3 New production and recycled production

4.3 The carbon carbonate system

4.3.1. Forms of inorganic carbon

4.3.2 Processes which modify dissolved inorganic carbon

4.3.3 Changes in alkalinity and pH

4.3.4 CO2 exchanges with the atmosphere

4.4 The chemistry of the global ocean conveyor belt

4.4.1 The vertical and horizontal segregation of the nutrient elements

4.4.2 Apparent oxygen utilisation and the apparent production of nutrients

4.4.3 Respiration, acidification and dissolution of carbonate

4.4.4 The global ocean distribution of chemical elements of interest for life

Quiz 4

5 Video: Introduction: The result of the evolution of the Earth's crust. Ocean basins

5.1.1. Video: A bit of history

5.1.2. Video The result of the evolution of the Earth's crust

5.2.1 Video Paleoceanography Introduction

5.2.2 Video The marine record of glacial and interglacial cycles of the Quaternary

5.2.3 Video The role of the oceans in the rapid advance of climatic variability

5.2.4 Video The Carbon cycle as feedback for climate change

5.2.5 Video Summary

5.3.1 Video The marine sediment system as a response to the conditions and evolution of the medium

5.4 Video Typologies of marine biogenous and hydrogenous sediment

5.4.1 Video Biogenous sediment

5. Introduction:The result of the evolution of the Earth's crust.Ocean basins

5.1.1. Some history

5.1.2. The result of the evolution of the Earth's crust

5.1.3 The diversity of the ocean domains: from continental margins to great trenches. The great ocean basins

5.2 Paleoceanography

5.3 Marine sediment distribution

5.3.1 The marine sediment system as a response to the conditions and evolution of the medium

5.3.2 The conditioning factors for the distribution of terrigenous sediment and rates of sedimentation

5.3.3 The marine sediment system as a response to conditions and the evolution of the environment

5.4 Typologies of marine biogenous and hydrogenous sediment

5.4.1 biogenous sediment

5.4.2 Evaporite sediment and chemical precipitation (hydrogenous)

5.4.3 Marine productivity and the preservation of organic matter in sediment

5.4.4 Other deposits of interest

5.5 Important points along the BWR course and their oceanic and structural significance

Quiz 5