Class 12th

In physisorption multimolecular layers are formed on solid surface.

In a cyclic process,   $\Delta U=0.$

In a cyclic process work done is equal to the area under the cycle and is positive if the cycle is clockwise and negative if anticlockwise 

$\Delta W=$ Area of rectangle $ABCD=-P\left(2V\right)$

$=-2PV$

According to first law of thermodynamics

$\Delta Q=\Delta U+\Delta W$ or $\Delta Q=\Delta W$ $\left(As\Delta U=0\right)$

i.e., heat supplied to the system is equal to the work done

So heat absorbed, $\Delta Q=\Delta W=-2PV$

Heat rejected by the gas $=2PV$

Emulsion is a colloidal solution of liquid in liquid.

t1/2 = [A]^1-n

for second order (n = 2) reaction : t1/2  is proportional to 1/ [A ]

The primary reason for this is that silver is a quite expensive material to be used on such a large scale. Also, it doesn't have a much longer lifespan and tarnishes easily. So copper is used for electrical wiring because it offers low resistance to electric current is comparatively much more safer option to be commercially used.

More the number of ions in solution, more will be the specific conductance

 Ionic conductivity of H⁺ is more than that of Na+

Acidic Nature : 

Alkene on reaction with cold, dilute aqueous solution of KMnO₄ produces vicinal glycols.