CBSE 12th

Oxidation state of a particular element depends on the bond/ bonding process in the compound. Actinoids (5f series) have poorly shielded 5f orbitals, which can participate in bonding, while lanthanoids (4f series) have well-shielded 4f orbitals, leading to a stable +3 oxidation state. This is the reason why sctinoids show a greater range of oxidation state. Students can study d and f-block elements using NCERT Solutions provided by our experts.

When we move from left to right in the periodic table in Lanthanoid series ( La to Lu), a gradual decrease in atomic and ionic size of lanthanoids is experienced which is known as Lanthanoid contraction.  Lanthanoid contraction happens due to poor shielding by 4f electrons, causing stronger nuclear attraction which simaltenaously increases effective nuclear charge, pulling electrons closer resulting in contraction of atom. Students can check more such questions in NCERT Class 12 Chemistry solutions provided by our experts in shiksha.

Students might wonder why Transition metals have variable oxidation states unlike s and p block elements, there are several reason which are mentioned below;

• Most of the d block elemets have incompletely filled d-orbitals, which allow multiple electrons to be lost in bonding process.
• The energy difference between (n-1)d and ns orbitals is small, so both d and s orbital electrons can participate in bonding.
• They form stable ionic and covalent bonds, adjusting oxidation states according to ligand or reaction conditions.

Students can check more such questions and answers in our NCERT Solution pages, for all NCERT Tesxtbooks.

Yes, Students can use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 D and F-Block Elements provided by Shiksha for every possible ways from fundamental knowledge, revision, to practice and revision of the chapter. Students can take help of Class 12 ch 4 NCERT Solution PDF prepared by our subjects experts to clear doubts and revise properly. Students can practice with NCERT solutions of D and F block elements to improve problem-solving skills, and better preparation for exams like JEE, CUET UG  and NEET. Students can access Class 12 NCERT Ch 4 d and f block elements solutions below;

NCERT Solutions for d and f block elements 

Here are some o the points for candidates to focus on while preparing for the Class 12 Physics Ch 8 Electromagnetic Waves:

• Focus on understanding Maxwell's equations.
• Understand the role of displacement current.
• Comprehend the practical applications of electromagnetic waves.
• Solve numerical problems and refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics PDF for the detailed explanations. 

Understanding electromagnetic waves is helpful for students who wish to score well in CBSE Board exams, and other competitive exams such as JEE Main, NEET, and NDA. It is helpful to build a strong basis for advanced topics in electromagnetism, optics, and communication technology.

The Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic waves consists of some of the important topics that can be asked in the CBSE Board exams and other competitive exams. Therefore, it is necessary for candidates to follow up with these important topics such as Electromagnetic waves properties, Maxwell's equations, displacement current, and the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are used for real-world applications like communication systems, medical imaging, and remote sensing.