Class 12th

In an electric field, energy density is the amount of energy stored per unit volume . For a linera or vacuum dieletric, it is given by:

E is the electric field magnitude and ?0  is the permittivity of free space. 

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It's eligibility criteria for appearing in JEE Mains exam.

Where every point has the same electric potential, it is an equipotential surface:

The main characterstics include:

• Two equipotential surfaces never intersect.
• The electric field is always perpendicular to an equipotential surface.
• Equipotential surfaces are parallel planes in a uniform electric field.
• If the surfaces are closer, the field in that region will be stronger.

The negative gradient of the electric potential is called an electric field. The electric field points in the direction of the steepest decrease of potential. The electric field is defined in a simpler terms as equal to the change in potential per unit displacement.  The electric field is strong, if the potential decreases sharply over a small distance. The electric field can be calculated using this relationship if the potential distribution is known, and vice versa. It is important for the understanding of the energy transfer in electrostatics and charge dynamics.

At any point, the electrostatic potential is the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive test charge from infinity to that point in an electric field. It is done without acceleration. It is denoted by V and it is a scalar quantity.
? =? /Q
where? is the work done and q is the test charge. 
The electrostatic potential helps in quantifying the energy configuration of charges. The unit is volt (V), where 1 V = 1 J/C. 

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