Class 12th

Enzymes found in human bodies are 

• Lipases: They remove the fats in the gut.

• Amylase: It is present in the saliva. The role of amylase is to break down carbohydrates.

• Maltase: These enzymes are found in the small intestine. It breaks down the sugar maltose into glucose. 

• Trypsin: These enzymes are present in the small intestine. The function of trypsin is to break proteins into amino acids.

• Lactase: The function of lactase is to break down lactose into simpler sugars (glucose and galactose). Lactose is the sugar that is found in dairy products.

We can define enzymes as biocatalysts. It is important in biological processes like digestion, metabolism, and the synthesis of cellular components. If enzymes stop their functions, then the body can not generate enough proteins, which is important for survival. The examples of enzymes are lactase and amylase.

If the multimeter shows zero or low resistance reading for forward bias and does not change even on reversing the connection then the diode is defective. It is short.

If the diode shows a high resistance under both forward and reverse biased conditions, it is defective. It is open.

If the multimeter shows zero or low resistance reading for forward bias and shows high resistance reading on reversing the connection then the diode is not defective.

Voltmeter readings

  $\begin{array}{ll}\Rightarrow & 20=I_{1}R\\ \Rightarrow & 20=\left(\frac{R_v}{R+R_v}\right)4R\\ \Rightarrow & R_{v}R=5R+5R_v\Rightarrow \mathrm{}R=\frac{5R_v}{R_v-5}\\ \therefore & R=\frac{5}{1-\frac{5}{R_v}}\end{array}$

For $5<{\mathrm{R}}_v<\mathrm{\infty },\mathrm{R}>5\mathrm{\Omega }$

Stopping potential increases and number of photons decreases.

$I=\frac{hc{n}_p}{\lambda t}$

$\frac{1}{0.9}=+\frac{1}{\left(10?2t\right)}+\frac{1}{2t}$  

t = 0.5 sec and t = 4.5 sec.

Here the width of principal maxima is 2.5 mm

Then its half width is =  $\frac{\beta }{2}$  

$=\frac{2.5}{2}=1.25*10^{-3}m$             

Diffraction angle q = $\frac{\left(\frac{\beta }{2}\right)}{D}=\frac{1.25*10^{-3}}{2}$       …(i)

  $\therefore a\theta =\lambda \therefore \theta =\frac{\lambda }{a}$   …(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

  $\lambda =\theta a$          

$\frac{1.25*10^{-3}}{2}*10^{-3}$            

$\therefore \lambda =6250$ = 6.25 * 10^-7 m

Optical path $=\mu x$ =μx

Path-difference $=\mu x$ =μx

Phase-difference $=\frac{2\pi }{\lambda }*$ =2πλ*  path-difference $=\frac{2\pi }{\lambda }\mu x$ =2πλμx

Area of ellipse =  $\pi ab$

Magnetic dipole moment =    $\frac{\pi abi}{2}$

Torque    $\overrightarrow{\tau }=\overrightarrow{M}*\overrightarrow{B}$

  $\tau =MBsin\theta$          

$?\overrightarrow{M}\left|\right|\overrightarrow{B}$ $\boxed{\tau =0}$