English Preparation

Root words often combine with prefixes and suffixes to change both their meaning and word class. For example, adding prefixes like dis– and un- changes the meaning of the root. Like, discomfort aor unhappy, are the opposites of comfort ad happy, the root words.

Understanding etymology can enhance vocabulary, understand the nuances of language, and recognize patterns in word formation. It can also provide insights into cultural and historical contexts.

Etymology is studied by researching about the history of words, their origins, and keeping a track of how their forms and meanings have changed over time. This is often done with the help of etymological dictionaries, analyzing older texts, and comparing different languages.

To make a complete sentence, certain time expressions are used with present continuous tenses. These include: today, now, right now, at the moment, these days, currently, nowadays, this week, etc.

For example:

• He is working on a project right now.
• Currently, we are working from home.
• Today, I am going for an interview.

To make a question in present continuous tense, place the helping verb is/am/are before the subject of the sentence, and then add the main verb in 'ing' form.

For example:

• Are you studying English Verbs?
• Is she dancing at the party?

Another way to make a question in present continuous tense is by using question words like What, Where, When, Who, etc., at the beginning of the sentence.

For example:

• What are you doing?
• Where are we going?
• Who is coming for the party?

To make a negative sentence in present continous, add 'not' after the helping verb is/am/are. The structure for Present Continuous Tense in Negative Form is:

Subject + is/am/are + not + verb + ing

For example:

• I am not playing football.
• He is not watching TV today.
• She is not cooking.

Negatives in present continuous tense are used when we want to deny that an action is happening right now.

Yes, we can use present continuous tense to talk about the planned or definite future events.

For example:

• We are meeting our Science teacher tomorrow.
• She is leaving for New York next week.

These two sentences shows that the plan is already made and will be fulfilled in the future. By writing or speaking a sentence about fixed future event using present continuous tense makes the plan more certain compared to using 'will' or 'shall'.

An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence because it has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. A dependent clause does not express a complete thought and needs an independent clause to make sense. Coordinating conjunctions connect independent clauses only.
Example:

·       Independent: She finished her homework.

·       Independent: She went to sleep.

Joined with coordinating conjunction: She finished her homework, and she went to sleep.

The main function of coordinating conjunctions is to join sentence clauses of equal importance, be it words, phrases, or independent clauses. They help maintain the balance in a sentence and make the structure smoother and more coherent. For example- She cleaned the room and arranged the books.

Yes, but use them sparingly and mainly for emphasis or a conversational tone.
Example: But I didn't give up.