Alcohol Phenol And Ethers

11.13

2,2,4-Trimethylpentan-3-ol

The naming of the compound usually starts with numbering the carbons in the chain. The lower set of locants are chosen for this purpose, while in this case numbering under this condition is done from the left side. Once the carbons are mentioned, the position of -OH group is numbered and -ol is added as the suffix.

2. 5-Ethylheptane-2,4-diol

Here the longest chain is the straight chain. For such situations, numbering should be such that the functional groups should be denoted by the smallest number. Ethyl group is named at the beginning as it's a side chain.

3. Butane-2,3-diol

In this system, glycols are called as Diols and their class name is Alkane diols. The two-hydroxyl group position is indicated by Arabic numerals. Firstly, the carbon chain is named, the -OH positions are numbered and suffixed with -diol (depends on the number of -OH groups.

4. Propane-1,2,3-triol

Initially carbon chain is named, -OH groups are numbered (can be done from any side as it's a symmetrical compound) and suffixed with triol.

5. 2-Methylphenol

In the IUPAC system, the position of the substituent w.r.t –OH group is indicated by an Arabic numeral, with the carbon carrying the OH group being numbered 1. So, methyl is numbered at the minimum position and phenol is added. The common name is o-cresol (ortho-cresol).

6. 4-Methylphenol

Methyl group is numbered 4 w.r.t to -OH position. The compound is symmetrical. The compound is known by its common name p-cresol (para cresol).

7. 2,5-Dimethylphenol

The position of the substituent w.r.t –OH group is indicated by an Arabic numeral, with the carbon carrying the OH group being numbered 1. The lowest number chain is further chosen. The positions of the methyl group is 2 and 5.

8. 1-Methoxy-2-methylpropane 

the longest carbon chain attached to oxygen is chosen. It is called the principal chain and the other carbon chain is named with -oxy (Alkoxy) suffix at the end. Now the position of alkoxy group is 1

w.r.t the principal chain (propane) and the methyl group

Is 2. Further alphabetically methoxy comes before methyl, therefore named as such.

9. Ethoxybenzene

The principal chain is benzene, so the short chain is named as ethoxy and suffixed with benzene

10. 1-Phenoxyheptane

Principal chain is heptane group having 7 carbon groups. Phenol group is called as substituent alkoxy group and is named.

11. 2-Ethoxybutane

The longest chain here is butane and the ethyl group is attached to the 2^nd carbon.

When N –propyl methyl ether reacts with HBr, it forms propanol and bromomethane, n- propyl methyl ether will cleave at O . and H⁺ will attack at O, and Br^- will attack CH ⁺

2. When Ethoxybenzene Reacts with HBr, it forms Phenol and bromoethane, Ethoxybenzene cleaves at H⁺ will attack at O, and Br^- will attack 

3. When nitrating mixture reacts with ethoxy benzene introduction of nitro group is occurred at para position as it will give the stable product without

4. As HI is a strong nucleophile it will protonate the oxygen, to form a good leaving And I^- will attack at C (CH₃)₃⁺ to give tert- butyl iodide and ethanol.

11.5 In this reaction, when propene reacts with the given reagent then the double bond of propene breaks down with charges on them. So, H⁺ gets placed on the carbon which already has two hydrogen atom and OH^- gets substituted on center carbon because it has the more positive charge which attracts OH^-. Thus we get propene-2-or as a

2. In this reaction, when Methyl ( 2-oxocyclohexyl) ethanoate reacts with the given reagent then the double bond between the oxygen atom and cyclohexyl gets breaks down, such that O has a negative charge and that particular carbon will have a positive charge on it. So, to neutralize it, H⁺ gets substituted to that carbon and with O^- to form the structure of alcohol. Thus we get Methyl (2-hydroxycyclohexyl) ethanoate as a

3. In this reaction, when 2-Methylbutanal reacts with the given reagent NaBH₄, then the double bond between carbon and oxygen gets to break down in the above aldehyde compound, where

4. carbon has positive charge and oxygen will have a negative charge on So, H⁺ gets placed on the carbon to complete its octet and H⁺ gets substituted on O^- to form OH, i.e, an alcohol. Thus we get 2-Methylbutan-1-ol as a product.

11.4 In the Grignard reagent reaction, the first step of the reaction is the nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagent to the carbonyl group to form an adduct, Hydrolysis of adduct results in the formation of alcohol.

Here, is the general reaction with Grignard reagent below:-

From here, it is clear that HCHO gives CH₂OH groups, so R of Grignard reagent is the remaining part of given alcohols. Thus, select the suitable Grignard reagent by substituting the value of R. Now we can see the reaction given below:-

Methanal reacts with iso-propyl magnesium bromide, in presence of dry ether gives an additional compound. And this additional compound on reaction with H₂O /H⁺ gives iso-butyl alcohol (i.e., 2-methylpropane-1-ol) as one of the final product.

Methanal reacts with cyclohexyl magnesium bromide, in presence of dry ether, which gives an intermediate product. This intermediate product when reacts with given reagent, as shown above, gives cyclohexyl methanol as a product.