Alcohol Phenol And Ethers

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

11.52

Set (ii) is appropriate Because CH3Br is only a nucleophile whereas CH3ONa is nucleophile as well as strong base, so the elimination reaction can occur,

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alok kumar singh

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11.51

During Williamson synthesis of ethers, an alkyl halide reacts with an alkoxide (ion with –ve charge on the oxygen of alcohol and + ve charge on alkali metal like Na) ion. it is an SN2 reaction. In the reaction, alkyl halides should be least hindered. Hence, an alkyl halide is obtained from ethanol and alkoxide ion from 3-methylpentan-2-ol. The reactions are shown below:

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

11.50 

1. Phenol on mixing with chloroform and NaOH at 340K followed by Acidic hydrolysis, salicyl aldehyde is formed. When carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is used at the place of chloroform salicylic acid is This type of reaction is known as Reimer - Tiemann reaction.

2. The sodium phenoxide reacts with CO2 under pressure 4-7 atm at a 400K temperature to form sodium salicylate, which on acidification yields salicylic acid. This type of reaction is known as Kolbe's

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alok kumar singh

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11.49.

Resonating structures of o-nitrophenoxide ions that are formed by the loss of a proton from o-nitrophenol are as follows:

Resonating structures of p-nitrophenoxide ions that are formed by the loss of a proton from p- nitrophenol are as follows:

Resonating structures of phenoxide ions that are formed by the loss of a proton from phenol are as follows:

It is clearly evident from the above structures that due to —R-effect of— NO2NO2 group, o-and p-nitrophenoxide ions are more stable than phenoxide ions. Consequently, o- and p- nitrophenols are more acidic than phenols.

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alok kumar singh

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11.47

(a) (i) Primary alcohols do no react appreciably with Lucas' reagent (HCl –ZnCl2) at room temperature.

      (ii) Tertiary alcohol reacts immediately with Lucas 'reagent.

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alok kumar singh

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11.46  In this reaction, when propene reacts with the given reagent then the double bond of propene breaks down with charges on them. So, H+ gets placed on the carbon which already has two hydrogen atom and OH- gets substituted on center carbon because it has the more positive charge which attracts OH-. Thus we get propene-2-or as a

  1. In this reaction, when Methyl ( 2-oxocyclohexyl) ethanoate reacts with the given reagent then the double bond between the oxygen atom and cyclohexyl gets breaks down, such that O has a negative charge and that particular carbon will have a positive charge on it. So, to neutralize it, H+ gets substituted
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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

11.45 
The first step in the mechanism of the given reaction is protonation of the alcohol followed by loss of water to give a 20 carbocation.

A

The next step is a rearrangement of the 20 carbocations formed in the above step is less stable it rearranges by a 1,2-hydride shift to form more stable 3° carbocations.

The last step of the reaction is the nucleophilic attack of Br- ion on the 3° carbocations giving the final product.

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