Career

1- Core Finance
(Asset Management, Investment Banking, Corporate Planning & Budgeting)
These profiles require a lot of work on your technical skills like business mapping, understanding finances and industry trends, thorough review of financials, market intelligence and other hard-bound skills
Personal Opinion:
CAs are very well fit for the profiles which require a greater understanding of the underlying business, accounts and financial statements. There might be though competition with MBAs but enough firms would prefer CAs.
2- Banking & Insurance
(Actuary, Commercial or Retail Banking, Insurance Underwriting & Claims departments, etc.)
Here you'll need to be well versed with regulations, compliance and filings and a basic level of customer service since most of them are client facing roles
Personal Opinion:
Apart from Commercial Banking, the other profiles usually require some expertise in the field with various specialised courses. So Commercial Banking is good, but otherwise a CA might have limited scope here!
3- General & Financial Management
(Auditing, Law, Tax, Strategy & Consulting, Financial Planning, etc.)
This requires being an expert in the domain and probably relies the most on your ability to think out of the box and solve business problems. If you ask me, here is where an MBA or a professional degree becomes the most important and accordingly gives way to problem solving.
Personal Opinion:
Here again, there are specific courses for each of the profiles like Financial Planning has CFP, Consulting places more importance on an MBA and others. But as you can see, Auditing and Tax is something where CAs are most preferred of course and so your chances are good here too!
4- Non-finance Roles
(Sales, Marketing, Content Management, Human Resources, etc.)
Now here is where your education becomes less important and your personality/soft-skills/attitude play the biggest role. Of course, you do need a degree to stand out and be capable enough, but your success is not guaranteed by your qualification.
Personal Opinion:
Goes without saying, CAs might not show as much interest in this group owing to their qualification, but it could be a challenge for anyone and something worth taking up.