Class 12th

Eutrophication occurs when the water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients. Eutrophication leads to decrease in the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water bodies.

Acc. to Huckel rule, A compond/molecule is said to be aromatic if it have cyclic conjugate and [4n + 2]π electron system

⇒ Molecule must be sp² hybridised

⇒ Molecule must be planar.

Reduction half reaction.

Cr? O? ²? + 14H? + 6e? → 2Cr? ³ + 7H? O

Oxidation half reaction

SO? ²? + H? O → SO? ²? + 2e? ] * 3

Oxygen is balanced by adding water and hydrogen is balanced by adding H? and the charge is balanced by electrons.

Add ( eq. (i) + (3 * eq. (ii) )

Cr? O? ²? + 3SO? ²? + 8H? → 2Cr? ³ + 3SO? ²? + 4H? O

a = 1 b = 3 c = 8

Keq. = ( [C] [D])/ ( [A] [B])

Keq = (10 * 6)/ (2 * 3) = 10

ΔG° = −2.303RTlog Keq. = −2.303 (2) (300) (log 10)

= −1381.8cal (? R = 2cal/molk)

Kindly go through the answer

ΔH = ΔU + Δn_gRT

Kindly go through the answers

? H =? U +? n_gRT

Veronal is a barbiturate drug and it constitutes an important class of tranquilizers.

Chloroprene is the monomer of neoprene.

2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene (chloroprene)

CH? CONH? - (i) LiAlH? , (ii) H? O? )-> CH? NH?

CH? CONH? - (Br? /KOH)-> CH? NH?

CH? CN - (i) LiAlH? , (ii) H? O? )-> CH? NH?

CH? NC - (i) LiAlH? , (ii) H? O)-> CH? NHCH?

Methyl isocyanide gives a secondary amine, CH? NHCH? upon reduction.

Ketones are reduced into hydrocarbons using Zn – Hg/HCl (Clemmenson reduction).