Class 12th

This is a Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
Sol:

$\begin{array}{l}L.H.S.=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill a^2+2a\hfill & \hfill 2a+1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill 2a+1\hfill & \hfill a+2\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ R_1\to R_1-R_2,R_2\to R_2-R_3\\ =\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill a^2-1\hfill & \hfill a-1\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ \hfill 2a-2\hfill & \hfill a-1\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill \left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\hfill & \hfill a-1\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ \hfill 2\left(a-1\right)\hfill & \hfill a-1\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Taking\left(a-1\right)commonfrom{C}_{1}and{C}_2\\ =\left(a-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill a+1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ \hfill 2\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 3\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Expandingalong{C}_3\\ ={\left(a-1\right)}^2\left[1\left|\begin{array}{cc}\hfill a+1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill 2\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|\right]\\ ={\left(a-1\right)}^2\left(a+1-2\right)={\left(a-1\right)}^2\left(a-1\right)={\left(a-1\right)}^{3}R.H.S.\\ L.H.S.=R.H.S.Henceproved.\end{array}$

This is a Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- p=100W

_{$\lambda$ 1}= 1nm

_{$\lambda$ 2}= 500nm

Also n₁and n₂ represent number of photon of x-rays and visible light emitted from the two sources per sec

E/t=P=n₁hc/ $\lambda$ ₁₌n₂hc/ $\lambda$ ₂

So n₁/ $\lambda$ ₁ = n₂/ $\lambda$ ₂

So n₁/n₂= 1/500

This is a Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
Sol:

$\begin{array}{l}L.H.S.=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill y+z\hfill & \hfill z\hfill & \hfill y\hfill \\ \hfill z\hfill & \hfill z+x\hfill & \hfill x\hfill \\ \hfill y\hfill & \hfill x\hfill & \hfill x+y\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ C_1\to C_1-\left(C_2+C_3\right)\\ =\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill 0\hfill & \hfill z\hfill & \hfill y\hfill \\ \hfill -2x\hfill & \hfill z+x\hfill & \hfill x\hfill \\ \hfill -2x\hfill & \hfill x\hfill & \hfill x+y\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Taking-2commonfrom{C}_1\\ =-2\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill 0\hfill & \hfill z\hfill & \hfill y\hfill \\ \hfill x\hfill & \hfill z+x\hfill & \hfill x\hfill \\ \hfill x\hfill & \hfill x\hfill & \hfill x+y\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Expandingalong{C}_1\\ =-2\left[x\left|-zy-zy\right|\right]=-2\left(-xyz\right)=4xyzR.H.S.\\ L.H.S.=R.H.S.Henceproved.\end{array}$

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Since, the object distance is u. Let us consider the two ends of the object be at distance

So u₁= u+L/2 and u₂=u+L/2 respectively so that|u₁- u₂| =L .

 Let the image of the two

ends be formed at v1 and v2, respectively so that the image length would be

L'= |v₁-v₂|……… (1)

Applying mirror formula 1/v+1/u=1/f or v= fu/u-f

On solving two positions of image v₁= $\frac{F(u-L/2)}{u-f-L/2}$ v₂= $\frac{F(u+L/2)}{u-f+L/2}$

For length substituting in equation 1

L'=  |v₁-v₂|= $\frac{F^{2}L}{{(u-F)}^2*\frac{L^2}{4}}$

The objects is short and kept away from focus we have

$\frac{L^2}{4}$ << ( ${u-f)}^2$

Hence L'= $\frac{F^2}{{(u-f)}^2}L$

This is required expression.

This is a Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- In photoelectric effect, we can observe that most electrons get scattered into the metal by absorbing a photon.Thus, all the electrons that absorb a photon doesn't come out as photoelectron. Only a few come out of metal whose energy becomes greater than the work function of metal.

This is a Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
Sol:

$\begin{array}{l}L.H.S.=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill y^2{z}^2\hfill & \hfill yz\hfill & \hfill y+z\hfill \\ \hfill z^2{x}^2\hfill & \hfill zx\hfill & \hfill z+x\hfill \\ \hfill x^2{y}^2\hfill & \hfill xy\hfill & \hfill x+y\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Taking{R}_1\to x{R}_1,R_2\to y{R}_2,R_3\to z{R}_{3}anddividingthedeterminantbyxyz.\\ =\frac{1}{xyz}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill x{y}^2{z}^2\hfill & \hfill xyz\hfill & \hfill xy+zx\hfill \\ \hfill y{z}^2{x}^2\hfill & \hfill yzx\hfill & \hfill yz+xy\hfill \\ \hfill z{x}^2{y}^2\hfill & \hfill zxy\hfill & \hfill zx+zy\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Takingxyzcommonfrom{C}_{1}and{C}_2\\ =\frac{xyz.xyz}{xyz}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill yz\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill xy+zx\hfill \\ \hfill zx\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill yz+xy\hfill \\ \hfill xy\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill zx+zy\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ C_3\to C_3+C_1\\ =xyz\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill yz\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill xy+yz+zx\hfill \\ \hfill zx\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill xy+yz+zx\hfill \\ \hfill xy\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill xy+yz+zx\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Taking\left(xy+yz+zx\right)commonfrom{C}_3\\ =\left(xyz\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill yz\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill zx\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill xy\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ =\left(xyz\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill yz\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill zx\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill xy\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|=0\left[?C_{2}and{C}_{3}areidentical\right]\\ L.H.S.=R.H.S.Henceproved.\end{array}$

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Prism for is given by $\mu =\frac{sin\left\{\frac{A+D_m}{2}\right\}}{sin\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)}$

Given that D_m= A 

After substituting the values, $\mu$ = $\frac{sinA}{sin\frac{A}{2}}$

On solving, $\mu$ = $\frac{2sin\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{A}{2}}{sin\frac{A}{2}}$ 2 cos A/2

So cos A/2 = $\sqrt[]{3}/2$

So A= 60⁰ so this is the required prism angle

This is a Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
Sol:

$\begin{array}{l}Let\Delta =\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill a-b-c\hfill & \hfill 2a\hfill & \hfill 2a\hfill \\ \hfill 2b\hfill & \hfill b-c-a\hfill & \hfill 2b\hfill \\ \hfill 2c\hfill & \hfill 2c\hfill & \hfill c-a-b\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ R_1\to R_1+R_2+R_3\\ =\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill a+b+c\hfill & \hfill a+b+c\hfill & \hfill a+b+c\hfill \\ \hfill 2b\hfill & \hfill b-c-a\hfill & \hfill 2b\hfill \\ \hfill 2c\hfill & \hfill 2c\hfill & \hfill c-a-b\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Taking\left(a+b+c\right)commonfrom{R}_1\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill 2b\hfill & \hfill b-c-a\hfill & \hfill 2b\hfill \\ \hfill 2c\hfill & \hfill 2c\hfill & \hfill c-a-b\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ C_1\to C_1-C_2,C_2\to C_2-C_3\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill 0\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill b+c+a\hfill & \hfill -\left(b+c+a\right)\hfill & \hfill 2b\hfill \\ \hfill 0\hfill & \hfill a+b+c\hfill & \hfill c-a-b\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Taking\left(b+c+a\right)commonfrom{C}_{1}and{C}_2\\ ={\left(a+b+c\right)}^3\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill 0\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \\ \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill -1\hfill & \hfill 2b\hfill \\ \hfill 0\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill & \hfill c-a-b\hfill \end{array}\right|\\ Expandingalong{R}_1={\left(a+b+c\right)}^3\left[1\left|\begin{array}{cc}\hfill 1\hfill & \hfill -1\hfill \\ \hfill 0\hfill & \hfill 1\hfill \end{array}\right|\right]\\ ={\left(a+b+c\right)}^3.\end{array}$

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

apparent depth = real depth / refractive index

Since, the image formed by Medium1, O₂ act as an object for Medium2.

If seen from µ₃ ,the apparent depth is O₂.

Similarly, the image formed by Medium2, O₂ act as an object for Medium3

O₂₌$\frac{{\mu }_3}{{\mu }_2}$ ( $\frac{h}{3}+O_1$ )

= $\frac{{\mu }_3}{{\mu }_2}$ ( $\frac{h}{3}+\frac{{\mu }_2}{{\mu }_1}\frac{h}{3})$

Seen from outside the apparent height is

O₃ = $\frac{1}{{\mu }_3}$ (  $\frac{h}{3}+O_2)$ = $\frac{1}{{\mu }_3}\left(\frac{h}{3}+\frac{h}{3}\left(\frac{{\mu }_3}{{\mu }_2}+\frac{{\mu }_3}{{\mu }_1}\right)\right)$

= $\frac{h}{3}(\frac{1}{{\mu }_1}+\frac{1}{{\mu }_2}+\frac{1}{{\mu }_3}$ )

This is the expression for required depth.