English

Irony can be classified primarily into three types. These are Situational Irony, Verbal Irony and Dramatic Irony. Additionally, there is another type of Irony, which is Cosmic Irony.

Irony is one of the Figures of Speech or a literary device, which is used to bring a dramatic impact in the sentence or plot and heighten the emotional quotient of the readers or audience through amplifying the sense of suspense, humour or tragedy.

The past perfect tense can be used in four forms:

• Affirmative: Subject + had + past participle of verb + object.
• Negative: Subject + had + not + past participle of verb + object.
• Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle of verb + object.
• Negative + Interrogative: Had + subject + not + past participle of verb + object.

Have a look at the examples of the past perfect tense below:

• The movie had already started when we arrived at the theatre.
• The teacher had scolded him as he misbehaved.
• Had the movie begun already?
• Had he not finished playing football before dinner?
• Sheetal had gone to the market when the incident happened.

As per the English Grammar rule for Past Perfect tense, the sentences in this verb form are formed using had with past particple (ed) of the verb. The Past Perfect tense rule or formula is:

Subject + Had + Past Participle of Verb + Object 

Past Perfect tense in English grammar is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. The sentences in Past Perfect tense are formed using had + past participle (ed). Have a look at a few Past Perfect Tense examples below:

·       The path is broken as it had rained all night yesterday.

·       Had the Police arrived on time the robbery could be prevented?

·       She had left early yesterday because of the event.

The best way to practice is by creating flashcards, take online grammar quizzes, or write sentences using “this”, “that”, “these”, and “those”. Apart from this, they can also consciously use these terms in daily conversations, such as while pointing at objects.

One tip is to read newspapers, novels, and watch English TV shows. By practicing these tips over time, students will master this topic.

Although this is not a difficult topic, but by following basic tips students can crack it easily.

No, they are not same, although they use the same words (this, that, these, those). A demonstrative pronoun stands alone and replaces a noun, as in “This is shocking.”

On the other hand, a demonstrative adjective, modifies a noun, as in “This movie is horrific.” Confusing the two is a common mistake, but the key is to check whether the word comes with a noun or not.

Yes, they are not just restricted to present objects; but can also refer to past events.

For example, “That was a tough week, ” points back to a specific week already experienced. Similarly, “This was one of the saddes moments of my his life” refers to a past event with emotional emphasis. Such usage allows speakers to highlight or emphasize particular memories or incidents.

“This” is a demonstrative pronoun which acts as a singular used to refer to a single object or person that is near in time or space. While “this” is plural, used when talking about more than one thing that is also nearby. The difference lies in the number and distance. For example: “This pen is mine” (one item) vs “These pens are yours” (multiple items). Recognizing this difference is crucial for grammatical accuracy.