Geography

Dear,
Please find answer to your queries below:
1. Time-period to apply - Assuming your 12th gets over by March 2019, you should ideally apply by first UCAS deadline of 15th Jan 2019. This way you would be able to apply early and get the decisions early and therefore, well prepared in advance to arrange for finances, accommodation, etc.
2. Exams and documents required - Apart from clearing your 12th exam (ideally with 70%+), you need to appear for IELTS academic test and target a score of 6.0 with no band less than 5.5. Documents required would include 2 recommendation letters from your college, a personal statement, passport copy front and last page, your 10th and 11th results, your 12th predicted score for each subject signed by the principal on school's letter head (you may submit the actual 12th scores when you receive them) and your IELTS score.
3. Details of scholarships available - You will automatically be considered for scholarship along with the application
4. Job opportunities - As per current UK policies, you get a 4 month stay back option in the UK after completion of your UG studies. In these 4 months, you need to secure a job else you will have to come back your home country.
I hope, it will help.

Urban Planner/Community Development
Geography is a natural tie-in with urban or city planning. City planners work on zoning, land use and new developments, from a gas station renovation to the development of whole new sections of urban area.
You'll work with individual property owners, developers, and other officials. If you're interested in this area, be sure to take urban geography and urban planning classes. An internship with a city planning agency is essential experience for this type of work.
Cartographer
For those with cartography course backgrounds may enjoy work as a cartographer. The news media, book publishers, atlas publishers, government agencies and others are looking for cartographers to help produce maps. This would likely require relocation.
GIS Specialist
City governments, county agencies, and other government agencies and private groups are often in need of experienced GIS professionals. Coursework and internships in GIS are especially important. Computer programming or engineering skills are very helpful in this arena - the more about computers and languages you know, the better off you are.
Climatologist
Agencies like the National Weather Service, news media, the Weather Channel, and other government entities occasionally need climatologist. Admittedly, these jobs usually go to those with meteorology degrees, a geographer with experience and vast coursework in meteorology and climatology would definitely be an asset.
Transportation management
Like urban and city planning, there are opportunities in local government but regional transit authorities or shipping, logistics, and transportation companies look kindly to someone with transportation geography in their background and good computer and analytical skills.
Environmental Management
A plethora of environmental assessment, cleanup, and management companies exist throughout the world today. A geographer brings excellent skills for project management and the development of reports like environmental impact reports. It's often a wide-open field with tremendous growth opportunities.
Writer/Researcher
Undoubtedly during your college years you've spent time developing your writing skills and certainly as a geography major you know how to research! How about a career as a writer - you could be a science writer or a travel writer for a magazine or newspaper.