NCERT

The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero, according to Gauss's Law for magnetism.
Mathematically,
? B · dA = 0.
It states that all magnetic field lines that enter a surface must exit from it as well. In this way, it is different from the electric charges which can exist independently as positive and negative.

The Earth's magnetic field makes a magnetic inclination or dip with the horizontal plane at a particular location. It shows how much the magnetic field is tilted from the horizontal. It gets tilted due to the Earth's magnetic nature. The formula is:
tan I = B_V / B_H,
where B_V is the vertical component and B_H is the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field.

The angle between the magnetic north (the direction a compass points) and the geographic north (true north) is the magnetic declination. This angle can change over time due to changes in the Earth's magnetic field and varies with location on Earth. It is important for navigation where accurate directional orientation is crucial, especially in marine and aviation transport. The declination helps in avoiding navigational errors as it ensures that compass readings are corrected.

The Earth's magnetic field makes a magnetic inclination or dip with the horizontal plane at a particular location. It shows how much the magnetic field is tilted from the horizontal. It gets tilted due to the Earth's magnetic nature. The formula is:
tan I = B_V / B_H,
where B_V is the vertical component and B_H is the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field.

In a magnetic dipole, two equal and opposite magnetic poles are kept at a small distance. In concept, it is equal to an electric dipole. The magnetic dipole moment (M) represents the strength and orientation of the magnetic dipole and it is a vector quantity. The formula is: M = m * 2l. Here m represents the pole strength and 21 shows the distance between the poles. The direction of M is from the south pole to the north pole of the magnet, and its SI unit is A·m².

The region around a moving electric charge or a magnetic material where the force of magnetism acts is called the magnetic field. The magnetic field lines are used to represent the strength and direction of the magnetic field and these are imaginary lines. The density of these lines shows the field strength. The magnetic field emerges from the magnet's north pole and enters the south pole. The magnetic field is stronger for the closer lines. These lines always form closed loops and never intersect each other. It differentiates it from the electric field which starts or ends on charges.

Absolutely, if thoroughly practiced and understood, these solutions are more than enough to help one score full marks in this chapter. It comprises all key concepts such as laws, derivations, and applications and covers all questions from the NCERT textbook. The step-by-step solutions help students understand the core logic of solving the questions and structure the answers as like by the CBSE examiners. For those who want to score high in board exams, they need consistent practice of these solutions to be familiar with the question pattern, especially derivation-based and long-answer questions.