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New answer posted

10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

32. If $\frac{2}{11}$ is the probability of an event, what is the probability of the event 'not A'.

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

32. Let A be the event

Given that, P (A) = $\frac{2}{11}$

So, P (not A) = P (S) – P (A) = $1 - \frac{2}{11} = \frac{11 - 2}{11} = \frac{9}{11}$

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Probability Class 11th

31. Three coins are tossed once. Find the probability of getting

(i) 3 heads

(ii) 2 heads

(iii) Atleast 2 heads

(iv) Atmost 2 heads

(v) No head

(vi) 3 tails

(vii) Exactly two tails

(viii) No tail

(ix) Atmost two tails

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

31. When three coins are tosses we have the sample space,

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}

So, n (S) = 8

(i) Let A: 3 heads occurs.

A = {HHH}

So, n (A) = 1

? P (A) = $\frac{1}{8}$

(ii) Let B: 2 heads occurs

B = {HHT, HTH, THH}

So, n (B) = 3

? P (B) = $\frac{3}{8}$

(iii) Let C: at least 2 heads occurs i.e. 2 heads or more

C = {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}

So, n (C) = 4

? P (C) = $\frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}$

(iv) Let D: at most 2 heads occurs i.e. 2 heads or less

D = {TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, HHT, HTH, THH}

So, n (D) = 7

? P (D) = $\frac{7}{8}$

(v) Let E: no head occurs

E = {TTT}

So, n (E) = 1

? P (E) = $\frac{1}{8}$

(vi) Let F: 3 tails occurs

F = {TTT}

So, n (F) = 1

? P (F) = $\frac{1}{8}$

(vii) Let G: exactly two tail

...more

31. When three coins are tosses we have the sample space,

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}

So, n (S) = 8

(i) Let A: 3 heads occurs.

A = {HHH}

So, n (A) = 1

? P (A) = $\frac{1}{8}$

(ii) Let B: 2 heads occurs

B = {HHT, HTH, THH}

So, n (B) = 3

? P (B) = $\frac{3}{8}$

(iii) Let C: at least 2 heads occurs i.e. 2 heads or more

C = {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}

So, n (C) = 4

? P (C) = $\frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}$

(iv) Let D: at most 2 heads occurs i.e. 2 heads or less

D = {TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, HHT, HTH, THH}

So, n (D) = 7

? P (D) = $\frac{7}{8}$

(v) Let E: no head occurs

E = {TTT}

So, n (E) = 1

? P (E) = $\frac{1}{8}$

(vi) Let F: 3 tails occurs

F = {TTT}

So, n (F) = 1

? P (F) = $\frac{1}{8}$

(vii) Let G: exactly two tails occurs

G = {TTH, THT, HTT}

So, n (G) = 3

? P (G) = $\frac{3}{8}$ .

(viii) Let H: no tail occurs

H = {HHH}

So, n (H) = 1

? P (H) = $\frac{1}{8}$ .

(ix) Let I: atmost two tails i.e. two tails or less

I = {HHH, THH, HTH, HHT, HTT, THT, TTH}

So, n (I) = 7

? P (I) = $\frac{7}{8}$

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New answer posted

10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

30. A fair coin is tossed four times, and a person win Re 1 for each head and lose Rs 1.50 for each tail that turns up.

From the sample space calculate how many different amounts of money you can have after four tosses and the probability of having each of these amounts.

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

30. When a coin is tossed four times we have the sample space,

S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, THHH, HHTT, THHT, TTHH, THTH, HTHT, HTTH, TTTH, TTHT, THTT, HTTT, TTTT}

So, n (S) = 16.

Case I: When the outcome is all head, the amount is 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 =? 4 gain

Case II: When the outcome is 3 head and one tail, the amount is

1 + 1 + 1 – 1.50 = 3 – 1.50 =? 1.50 gain

Case III: When the outcome is 2 head and 2 tail, the amount is

1 + 1 – 1.50 – 1.50 = 2 – 3 =? 1 lose.

Case IV: When the outcome is 1 head and 3 tail, the amount is

1 – 1.50 – 1.50 – 1.50 = 1 – 4.50 =? 3.50 lose.

Case V: When the outcome is all tail, the amount is

–1.5

...more

30. When a coin is tossed four times we have the sample space,

S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, THHH, HHTT, THHT, TTHH, THTH, HTHT, HTTH, TTTH, TTHT, THTT, HTTT, TTTT}

So, n (S) = 16.

Case I: When the outcome is all head, the amount is 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 =? 4 gain

Case II: When the outcome is 3 head and one tail, the amount is

1 + 1 + 1 – 1.50 = 3 – 1.50 =? 1.50 gain

Case III: When the outcome is 2 head and 2 tail, the amount is

1 + 1 – 1.50 – 1.50 = 2 – 3 =? 1 lose.

Case IV: When the outcome is 1 head and 3 tail, the amount is

1 – 1.50 – 1.50 – 1.50 = 1 – 4.50 =? 3.50 lose.

Case V: When the outcome is all tail, the amount is

–1.50 – 1.50 – 1.50 – 1.50 = –6 =? 6 lose.

Let A be event such that person wins ?4. Then,

A = {HHHH}

So, n (A) = 1

? P (A) = $\frac{1}{16}$

Let B: person wins ?1.5. Then,

B = {HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, THHH}

So, n (B) = 4

? P (B) = $\frac{4}{16} = \frac{1}{4}$

Let C: person loses ?1. Then,

C = {HHTT, THHT, TTHH, THTH, HTHT, HTTH}

So, n (C) = 6

? P (C) = $\frac{6}{16} = \frac{3}{8}$

Let D: person loses ?3.50. Then,

D = {HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH}

So, n (D) = 4

? P (D) = $\frac{4}{16} = \frac{1}{4}$

Let E: person loses ?6. Then,

E = {TTTT}

So, n (E) = 1

? P (E) = $\frac{1}{16}$ .

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New answer posted

10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

29. There are four men and six women on the city council. If one council member is selected for a committee at random, how likely is it that it is a woman?

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

29. Number of women in the city council n (A) = 6

As there are four men and six women the total number of person in the sample space is 4 + 6 = 10.

So, n (S) = 10

P (A) = $\frac{n (A)}{n (S)} = \frac{6}{10} = \frac{3}{5}$

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10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

28. A fair coin with 1 marked on one face and 6 on the other and a fair die are bothtossed. find the probability that the sum of numbers that turn up is (i) 3 (ii) 12

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

28. The sample space of the experiment is

S = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5) (6, 6)}

So, n (S) = 12.

(i) Let E be event such that sum of numbers that turn up is 3. Then,

E = { (1, 2)}

So, n (E) = 1

P (E) = $\frac{n (E)}{n (S)} = \frac{1}{12}$ .

(ii) Let F be event such that sum of number than turn up is 12. Then,

F = { (6, 6)}

So, n (F) = 1

P (F) = $\frac{n (F)}{n (S)} = \frac{1}{12}$ .

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New answer posted

10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

27. A card is selected from a pack of 52 cards.

(a) How many points are there in the sample space?

(b) Calculate the probability that the card is an ace of spades.

(c) Calculate the probability that the card is (i) an ace (ii) black card.

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

27. (a) Since there are 52 cards in the sample space,

n (S) = 52.

So, there are 52 sample points.

(b) In a deck of 52 cards there are 4 ace cards of which only one is of spades.

Hence, if A be an event of getting an ace of spades.

n (A) = 1

So, P (A) = $\frac{n (A)}{n (S)} = \frac{1}{52}$ .

(c) (i) Let B be an event of drawing an ace. As there are 4 ace cards we have,

n (B) = 4

So, P (B) = $\frac{n (B)}{n (S)} = \frac{4}{52} = \frac{1}{13}$ .

(ii) Let D be an event of drawing black cards. Since there are 26 black cards we have,

n (D) = 26.

So, P (D) = $\frac{n (D)}{n (S)} = \frac{26}{52} = \frac{1}{2}$

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New answer posted

10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

26. A die is thrown, find the probability of following events:

(i) A prime number will appear,

(ii) A number greater than or equal to 3 will appear,

(iii) A number less than or equal to one will appear,

(iv) A number more than 6 will appear,

(v) A number less than 6 will appear.

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

26. The sample space of throwing s dice is

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, n (S) = 6.

(i) Let A be event such that a prime number will appear. Then,

A = {2, 3, 5}

? n (A) = 3

Here; P (A) = $\frac{n (A)}{n (S)} = \frac{3}{6} = \frac{1}{2}$

(ii) Let B be event such that a number greater than or equal to 3 will appear. Then

B = {3, 4, 5, 6}

So, n (B) = 4

Therefore P (B) = $\frac{n (B)}{n (S)} = \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3}$

(iii) Let C be event such that a number less than or equal to one will appear. Then,

C = {1}

So, n (C) = 1

? P (C) = $\frac{n (C)}{n (S)} = \frac{1}{6}$

(iv) Let D be event such that a number more than 6 appears. Then,

D =∅

So, n (D) = 0

? P (D) = $\frac{n (D)}{n (S)} = \frac{0}{6} = 0$

(v) Let E be event such that a number less than 6 appears. Then

E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

...more

26. The sample space of throwing s dice is

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, n (S) = 6.

(i) Let A be event such that a prime number will appear. Then,

A = {2, 3, 5}

? n (A) = 3

Here; P (A) = $\frac{n (A)}{n (S)} = \frac{3}{6} = \frac{1}{2}$

(ii) Let B be event such that a number greater than or equal to 3 will appear. Then

B = {3, 4, 5, 6}

So, n (B) = 4

Therefore P (B) = $\frac{n (B)}{n (S)} = \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3}$

(iii) Let C be event such that a number less than or equal to one will appear. Then,

C = {1}

So, n (C) = 1

? P (C) = $\frac{n (C)}{n (S)} = \frac{1}{6}$

(iv) Let D be event such that a number more than 6 appears. Then,

D =∅

So, n (D) = 0

? P (D) = $\frac{n (D)}{n (S)} = \frac{0}{6} = 0$

(v) Let E be event such that a number less than 6 appears. Then

E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

So, n (E) = 5

? P (E) = $\frac{n (E)}{n (S} = \frac{5}{6}$

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10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

25. A coin is tossed twice, what is the probability that atleast one tail occurs?

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

25. When a coin is tossed twice we have the sample space

S = {TT, TH, HT, HH}

So, n (S) = 4

Let A be the event of getting at least one tail.

Then, A = {TH, HT, TT}

So, n (A) = 3

Therefore, P (A)= Numver of outcome favorable to A/Total possible outcomes = $\frac{}{} = \frac{n (A)}{n (S)}$ .

$= \frac{3}{4}$

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10 months ago

Probability Class 11th

24. Which of the following can not be valid assignment of probabilities for outcomes

of sample Space S = {ω₁, ω₂, ω₃, ω₄, ω₅, ω₆, ω₇,}

Assignment ω ₁ ω ₂ ω ₃ ω ₄ ω ₅ ω ₆ ω ₇

(a) 0.1 &nbs

...more

24. Which of the following can not be valid assignment of probabilities for outcomes

of sample Space S = {ω₁, ω₂, ω₃, ω₄, ω₅, ω₆, ω₇,}

Assignment ω ₁ ω ₂ ω ₃ ω ₄ ω ₅ ω ₆ ω ₇

(a) 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.2 0.6

(b)

(c) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

(d) – 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 – 0.2 0.1 0.3

(e) $\frac{\bar{1}}{\bar{14}}$ $\frac{\bar{2}}{\bar{14}}$ $\frac{\bar{3}}{\bar{14}}$ $\frac{\bar{4}}{\bar{14}}$ $\frac{\bar{5}}{\bar{14}}$ $\frac{\bar{6}}{\bar{14}}$ $\frac{\bar{15}}{\bar{14}}$

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

24. (a) P (S) = P (W1) + P (W2) +P (W3) + P (W4) +P (W5) +P (W6) +P (W7)

P (S) = 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.05 + 0.03 + 0.01 + 0.2 + 0.6

P (S) = 1

As the probability of sample space is 'one' the given assignment of probabilities is valid.

(b) P (S) = P (W1) + P (W2) +P (W3) + P (W4) +P (W5) +P (W6) +P (W7)

P (S) = $\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7}$

$= \frac{1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1}{7} = \frac{7}{7} = 1$ .

P (S) = 1

Hence, the given assignment of probability is valid.

(c) P (S) = P (W1) + P (W2) +P (W3) + P (W4) +P (W5) +P (W6) +P (W7)

= 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.6 + 0.7

= 2.8

i.e., P (S) > 1

As probability of the sample space S should always be '1'. The given assignment is invalid.

(d) Here P (W1) = –0.1 is negative.

As p

...more

24. (a) P (S) = P (W1) + P (W2) +P (W3) + P (W4) +P (W5) +P (W6) +P (W7)

P (S) = 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.05 + 0.03 + 0.01 + 0.2 + 0.6

P (S) = 1

As the probability of sample space is 'one' the given assignment of probabilities is valid.

(b) P (S) = P (W1) + P (W2) +P (W3) + P (W4) +P (W5) +P (W6) +P (W7)

P (S) = $\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7}$

$= \frac{1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1}{7} = \frac{7}{7} = 1$ .

P (S) = 1

Hence, the given assignment of probability is valid.

(c) P (S) = P (W1) + P (W2) +P (W3) + P (W4) +P (W5) +P (W6) +P (W7)

= 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.6 + 0.7

= 2.8

i.e., P (S) > 1

As probability of the sample space S should always be '1'. The given assignment is invalid.

(d) Here P (W1) = –0.1 is negative.

As probability of happening an event should always be positive and less than or equal to 1.

The given assignment is invalid.

(e) As P (W7) = $\frac{15}{14} = 1.07$

i.e. probability of happening an event is greater than one. The given assignment is invalid.

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Probability Class 11th

23. Refer to question 6 above, state true or false: (give reason for your answer)

(i) A and B are mutually exclusive

(ii) A and B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive

(iii) A = B′

(iv) A and C are mutually exclusive

(v) A and B′ are mutually exclusive.

(vi) A′, B′, C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

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alok kumar singh

Contributor-Level 10

23. (i) A ∩B = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}∩ { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}

A ∩B =∅

Hence, A and B are mutually exclusive.

The given statement is true.

(ii) A ∪B = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}∩ { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1,

...more

23. (i) A ∩B = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}∩ { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}

A ∩B =∅

Hence, A and B are mutually exclusive.

The given statement is true.

(ii) A ∪B = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}∩ { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}

= { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}

= S

Hence, A B = S and A∩ B =∅

A and B are mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive.

So, the give statement is true.

(iii) A = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}

B = S – B = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} – { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, (4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}

= { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}

B' = A

Hence, the given relation is true.

(iv) A ∩C = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}∩ { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, (1)}

= { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1)}≠∅

So, A∩ C≠∅

i.e., A and C are not mutually exclusive.

Hence, the given statement is false.

(v) A∩ B' = A∩ A = A≠∅ { B' = A}

Hence A∩B'≠∅ i.e., A and B are not mutually exclusive.

So, the given statement is false.

(vi) As A' = B

B = A

So, A'∩B = B∩A =∅

A'∩ C = B∩C = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2)}=∅

B'∩C = A∩C = { (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1)}=∅

Hence, A', B' and C are not mutually exclusive.

The given statement is false.

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