Chemistry

11.32

The conversion of Propene to propane-2-ol takes place according to markovnikoff rule. The positive part of H2O that is H+ goes to the carbon which has more hydrogen and the negative part that is OH-goes to carbon that has less number of carbons

2. NaOH act as a base in the conversion of benzyl chloride to benzyl On hydrolysis removal of NaCl takes place and OH is inserted in place of Cl.

3. Ethyl magnesium chloride (Grignard reagent) attacks on the carbon of the (The partial positive and negative charge is because of the electronegativity difference). After the formation of the addition product, hydrolysis takes place which further results in the formation of propane-1-ol and Mg (OH)Cl as the by product.

4. Attack of methyl magnesium bromide (Grignard reagent) on carbonyl carbon results in the formation of adduct, which has partial charges due to electronegativity differences. The adduct on hydrolysis yields 2-methylpropan2-ol.

When an organic compound is present in anaqueous medium, it is separated by shaking it with an organic solvent in which it is more soluble than in water. The organic solvent and the aqueous solution should be immiscible with each other so that they form two distinct layers which can be separated by separatory funnel. The organic solvent is later removed by distillation or by evaporation to get backthe compound. Differential extraction is carried out in a separatory funnel.

If the organic compound is less soluble in the organic solvent, a very large quantity of solvent would be required to extract even a very small quantity of the compound. The technique of continuous extraction is employed in such cases. In this technique same solvent is repeatedly used for extraction of the compound.