Class 11th

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

In the Solvay process, carbon dioxide is transferred through a concentrated solution of ammoniacontaining sodium chloride, which forms ammonium carbonate followed by ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The chemicals in ammonium hydrogen carbonate are different and are heated to form sodium carbonate. NH₃ is found in a solution containing NH₄Cl that is heated and treated with Ca (OH)₂? The reaction of (NH₄)2CO₃ with NaCl provides two products, Na₂CO₃ and NH₄Cl both soluble in water which do not shift to the right balance.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Ionic compounds are formed from the alkali metals due to their large ionic size and low ionization enthalpy. Thus, they are soluble in water. But, due to the small ionic size, high ionization enthalpy, and high electronegativity of lithium, it forms compounds of covalent nature and thus, are soluble in organic solvents.

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

62. Option (i) i.e.,  

Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A is the answer as when two or more compounds differ in the position of substituent atom or functional group on the carbon skeleton, they are known as position isomers and this phenomenon is termed as position isomerism. Pent-2-ene and pent-l-ene are position isomers because they differ in the position of the double bond. 

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

61. Option (iv)

i.e.,   A is not correct, but R is correct is the answer. This is because canonical structures always have more energy than the resonance hybrid. Resonance hybrids are always found to be more stable than any of the canonical structures since the delocalization of electrons lowers the orbitals energy and gives stability.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

BeSO₄ and MgSO₄ readily soluble in water while CaSO₄, SrSO₄ and BaSO₄ are insoluble The greater hydration enthalpy of Be²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions overcome the lattice enthalpy factor and therefore, their sulfates are soluble.

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

60. Option (i)

i.e.,   Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A is the answer. Since the liquids are having sufficient difference in their boiling points. Liquids having different boiling points vaporize at different temperatures. The vapours are cooled, and the liquids so formed are collected separately. 

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The element from group 2 is beryllium. Be (OH)₂ is amphoteric. It reacts with both acids and bases. It reacts with acid to form beryllium chloride and it reacts with base to form beryllate ion which is soluble in sodium hydroxide. The reaction is shown below.

Be (OH)₂+2OH−→ [Be (OH)₄]²⁻

Be (OH)₂+2HCl→BeCl₂+2H₂O

Beryllium sulfate are readily soluble in water.

This is a Matching Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

59.  (i) → (a); (ii) → (b); (iii) → (b) : (iv) → (c)

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

These two elements have similar properties because of their similar atomic and ionic radii.

(i) Both are lighter element and harder than the other metals in their respective groups.

(ii) The halides of both elements, LiCl and MgCl₂ are soluble in ethanol.