Class 12th

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This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- as we know total voltage amplification = $\frac{outputsignalvoltage}{inputsignalvoltge}$

Av_x= 10, Av_y = 20, Av_z = 30

$?$ v_i = 1mV= 10^-3V

So according to formula

 = (Av_x ) (Av_y ) (Av_z)

$?$ v_o =  (Av_x ) (Av_y ) (Av_z) $?$ v_i

  = 10^{-3 $*20*30*10$} =6V

So in first case output cannot be greater than 6V but in 2^nd case it will work

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This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- diode only works in forward biased. So output waveform is

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This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- We cannot measure the potential barrier across a p-n junction by a voltmeter because the resistance of voltmeter is very high as compared to the junction resistance.

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Explanation- A material is a conductor if in its energy band diagram, there is no energy gap between conduction band and valence band. For insulator, the energy gap is large and for

semiconductor the energy gap is moderate.

The energy gap for Sn is 0 eV, for C is 5.4 eV, for Si is 1.1 eV and for Ge is 0.7 eV, related to their atomic size. Therefore Sn is a conductor, C is an insulator and Ge and Si are semiconductors.

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Explanation- The size of the dopant atom should be such that their presence in the pure semiconductor does not distort the semiconductor but easily contribute the charge carriers on forming covalent bonds with Si or Ge atoms, which are provided by group XIII or group XV elements.