Biomolecules

14.17

When D-glucose is heated and treated with HI for a long period of time, then n-hexane is formed, which shows that all the six-carbon atoms are linked in a straight

2. When D-glucose is treated with Br₂ water i.e., bromine water which is a mild oxidising agent, then we get D-gluconic acid as one

14.16

Starch consists of two components – amylase and amylopectin. Amylose is a long linear chain of α–D-(+)-glucose units joined by C₁-C₄glycosidic linkage (α -link).

Amylopectin is a branched-chain polymer of –D-glucose units, in which the chain is formed by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage and the branchin

14.15

14.14

Glycogen is a polysaccharide-type of carbohydrate. In animals, carbohydrates are stored as glycogen.

But starch is a carbohydrate which consists of two components –amylase (15 -20 %) and amylopectin (80 – 85%). However, glycogen is also like amylopectin but branching will take place after every

14.13 

The condensation of the hydroxyl group of two monosaccharides to form a link between them is called glycosidic linkage. In other words, it refers to linkage developed between two different monosaccharide units through an oxygen atom by the loss of a water molecule. For example, in a sucro

14.12 

i. Ribose, 2-deoxyribose, galactose, and fructose are

Monosaccharides are the simplest units of carbohydrates which cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler compounds.

ii. Maltose and lactose are

A disaccharide is a carbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together and a mol

14.11

Carbohydrates are an essential compound for the organic life It is used as primary source of energy by plants and animals. It also fulfill other needs like synthesizing of other chemicals and provide the structure for cells within the body.

Energy is stored in it in the form of starch which, pro

14.10 

All those carbohydrates which reduce Fehling's solution to red precipitate of Cu₂O or Tollen's reagent to metallic Ag is called reducing sugars. All monosaccharides (both aldoses and ketoses) and disaccharides except Sucrose are reducing sugars.

14.9 

Monosaccharides are the only the simplest units of carbohydrates and they are the simplest form of sugar. In other words, It is the most basic form of carbohydrates. They are made up of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms. They are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates i.e., they

14.8

A DNA is a double-stranded molecule (two polynucleotide chains whose nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds).

In this molecule pairing or connection of bases occurs. Adenine always pairs with thymine, while cytosine always pairs with guanine.

So when DNA is hydrolyzed the amount of aden