Biomolecules

14.4 

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (basic) and carboxyl (acidic) functional group with a specific side chain. Both acidic and basic group are present in the same molecule. In, aqueous solution carboxyl group can lose a proton (H⁺) and amino group can accept a proton (H⁺) giving rise to the dipolar ion called as zwitter ion. Zwitter ion is shown below:

In this zwitter ion there is the presence of both positive as well as negative charge, so there is the development of strong electrostatic force of attraction between the molecules and the water. For this reason solubility of amino acids is higher. Due to strong electrostatic interaction there is formation of strong bond between them, hence the melting point of amino acid is higher than the halo acids (as they do not exhibit such dipolar behaviour).

Students ask this question many a times that wehter NCERT are enough or they should follow other reference books. Students should use NCERT books for CBSE Class 12 board exams, NCERT is more than sufficient for mastering the Biomolecules chapter. All key concepts, definitions, and reactions asked in the exams are directly covered in the textbook, WE have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 12 chemistry Biomolecules. 

However, for competitive exams like NEET and JEE, while NCERT remains the primary reference, students should also solve additional MCQs from reference books like MTG NCERT at Your Fingertips, NCERT Exemplar, or practice modules by coaching institutes. These help build speed, accuracy, and deeper conceptual clarity. Understanding NCERT thoroughly and then practicing higher-level application-based questions is the best strategy for excelling in both boards and competitive exams.

Chapter 10 Biomolecules of Class 12 Chemistry includes several important topics which are frequently asked in the state and cbses board exams. The most important topics in the Biomolecules chapter include the classification and structure of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides), amino acids and proteins (including peptide bond formation), enzymes and their characteristics, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA structure and components), and vitamins with their types and deficiencies.

Questions often focus on structural identification, naming, and functions of biomolecules, as well as simple reactions like hydrolysis and oxidation. Students should also pay attention to zwitterion structure in amino acids, enzyme action mechanisms, and differences between DNA and RNA. Students must practice diagrams and learn key functions of each biomolecule to score full marks in this chapter. Students can take help of NCERT Solutioins for Class 12 Chemistry Biomolecules to get good understanding of the concepts and requirements.

Biomolecules are organic compounds essential to life, found in all living organisms. Biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and vitamins.

NCERT Class 12 Chemistry chapter 10 Biomolecules covers the molecular basis of life, including the structure, types, and functions of each biomolecule. This chapter is important because it connects chemistry to biology and helps students understand metabolism, heredity, and biochemical reactions. It also forms the foundation for higher studies in medicine, biochemistry, and biotechnology. Biomolecules are also frequently tested in CBSE board exams and competitive exams like NEET and JEE, making it a crucial topic to master.