Chemistry Chemical Kinetics

(4) C? H? O will have different alkyl group attached with polyvalent functional group that's why show metamerism

Only one arrangement possible so can not show metamerism.
(2) C? H? O → CH? – O – CH? – CH? Only one arrangement possible so can not show metamerism.
(1) No polyvalent functional group in C? H? , so can not show metamerism.

k = (2.303 / 5) log (0.1 / 0.001) = (2.303 * 2) / 5 = 4.606 / 5 = 0.921 min? ¹

For a zero-order reaction Rate Vs conc graph will be straight line parallel to the x-axis.
For a 1st order reaction t? /? vs concentration will again be a straight line parallel to x-axis.

T? = 300 K; K? = 1 * 10? ³ s? ¹
T? = 200 K; K? =?
E_a = 11.488 kJ/mol
Using Arrhenius equation:
log (K? /K? ) = (E_a / 2.303R) * [ (T? - T? ) / (T? )]
log (K? / 10? ³) = (11.488 * 10³ / (2.303 * 8.314) * [ (-100) / (6 * 10? )]
log (K? / 10? ³) = -1
K? / 10? ³ = 10? ¹
K? = 10? s? ¹ or K? = 10 * 10? s? ¹

Using the integrated rate laws for both reactions and solving for time 't' yields a value of 108.

Half life, t? /? = 1min
Let, time of 99.9% completion of reaction be 't' min
Let the reaction is of first order
K = (2.303/t) log? ( [R]? / [R])
[R] = 0.001 [R]?
t = (2.303 * 3 min) / 0.693
t = 9.99 min
the nearest integer is 10.

For the reaction C? H? → C? H? + H? , calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH).

ΔH = [Bond energy (C-C) + 6 * Bond energy (C-H)] - [Bond energy (C=C) + 4 * Bond energy (C-H) + Bond energy (H-H)]

ΔH = 347 + 2 (414) - 611 - 436 = 128 kJ/mol.

The change in entropy for the following processes is negative (ΔS = -ve), indicating an increase in order:

Water (l) → Ice (s) at 0°C

H? O (l) → Ice (s) at -10°C

N? (g) + 3H? (g) → 2NH? (g)

Adsorption

Unimolecular Reactions might seem to not participate in the collision theory due to the presence of only a single molecule. In such cases, the molecule is activated by external forces such as heat, light, electricity, or by colliding with the walls of the container. This force charges the molecule enough to break the activation barrier and result in an effective collision.