Chemistry

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Due its disintegration into oxygen results in the release of heat ΔH is negative) and an increase in entropy (ΔS is positive), ozone is thermodynamically unstable in comparison to oxygen. These two reactions combine to produce a substantial negative Gibbs energy change (ΔG) for its conversion to oxygen.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Oxygen is more electronegative than chlorine, the negative charge on chlorine disperses from ClO⁻ to ClO₄⁻ ion as the number of oxygen atoms linked to chlorine grows. As a result, ion stability will improve in the following order:

As the stability of the conjugate base rises, the acidic strength of the corresponding acid increases in the following order:

HClO < HClO₂ < HClO₃ < HClO₄

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

NO₃⁻ + 3Fe₂⁺ + 4H⁺→ NO⁺ + 3Fe₃⁺ + 2H₂O

[Fe (H₂O)₆]²⁺ + NO → [Fe (H₂O)₅ (NO)]²⁺ + H₂O ( brown ring )

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

A is PCl₅ (yellowish white powder)

P₄ + 10Cl₂→4PCl₅

B is PCl₃ (colourless oily liquid)

Hydrolysis of the following product

PCl₃+3H₂O→H3PO₃+3HCl

PCl₅+4H₂O→H3PO₄+5HCl

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Six F atoms can be accommodated around sulphur due to fluorine's tiny size, however the chloride ion is comparably bigger, resulting in interatomic repulsion.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur, the bond angle of H₂O is greater, and the bod pair electron of an OH bond will be closer to oxygen, causing bond-pair repulsion between bond pairs of two OH bonds

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Chlorine has vacant d-orbitals, which become excited upon bonding when electrons from the 3p-orbital are promoted to the 3d-orbital, giving it a covalency of three.

Due to the lack of unoccupied d-orbitals in the second energy shell, fluorine cannot expand its octet. As a result, it can only have one covalency.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

NO₂ exists as a monomer with one unpaired electron in the gaseous state, but it dimerises to N₂O₄ in the solid state, leaving no unpaired electron, making the solid form diamagnetic.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Three P—Cl bonds are arranged in one plane at a 1200 angle. These bonds are known as equatorial bonds because they are formed between two points. The remaining two P—Cl bonds, one above the equatorial plane and the other below it, form  90° angle with the plane. Axial bonds are the name for these types of bonds. Because axial bond pairs are subjected to greater repulsive interaction than equatorial bond pairs, axial bonds are slightly longer and hence slightly weaker than equatorial bonds, making the PCl₅ molecule more reactive.