Class 10th

A dead metaphor occurs when the original meaning of the comparison is lost either due to excessive repetition or a semantic shift (words losing or changing their initial meaning over time). For example: Roll up the window (Originally referring to the action of rolling up a window in a car, it now refers to closing a window in general).

This is an example of Standard metaphor which compares the two things directly. This metaphor 'Laughter is a medicine for the soul', compares laughter with medicine that cures and helps keeping good health.

Metaphor in English language is a figure of speech where we compare two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as'. They create a bright imaginary picture in the mind of the reader by using sensory details and descriptive language. For example: He has a heart of gold. (describing a person to be extremely kind, generous and empathetic).

Simple Present Tense Rule:

Subject + base verb (s/es for he/she/it)

Example: She goes to college.

Shows habit, facts, and routines.

Present Continuous Tense Rule:

Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing

Example: She is going to college.

Shows actions happening now or temporary actions.

The rule of Present Continuous Tense in English Grammar is:

Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing + Object

Examples:

• I am playing.
• He is writing a letter.
• They are watching TV.

To identify the Present Continuous Tense in a sentence, follow these three steps:

1. Check if there is 'is/am/are' in the sentence.
2. Check for the –ing form of verb.
3. Lastly, confirm that the sentence is describing an action happening right now, a temporary ongoing action, or a future action.

The Present Continuous Tense is used in three cases:

Case 1: Actions happening right now

Examples:

• She is talking on the phone.
• We are ordering Pizza from Dominos for lunch.

Case 2: Temporary or ongoing actions

Examples:

• I am staying at my friend's house for a few days.
• She is going to Decathlon to buy a winter jacket.

Case 3: Future planned events (with a specific time frame)

Example:

• They are having a cricket match this Sunday.
• He is flying to London next week.

The present continuous tense is a verb tense describing actions happening in the present or to be continued in the future. The formula for Present Continuous Tense is Subject + is/am/are + present participle (verb + ing) + Object.

Examples:

• I am driving the car.
• They are going on a trip to Meghalaya.

In simple words, Degrees of comparison are forms of adjectives and adverbs that are used to show different intensities or levels when describing or comparing places, people, or things. They help students in describing a quality, comparing two things, and showing the highest or the lowest quality among three or more things or people.

Examples are:

• Tall – Taller – the tallest
• Big – Bigger – the biggest
• Beautiful – More Beautiful – Most Beautiful