Class 11

TOEFL- If you are proficient in English, then you should not spend more than a total of 15 hrs. Just solve few sample tests. Same goes for IELTS. If you are moderately proficient, spend 2 hours every day for 3 weeks.
For SAT and ACT: It depends on your proficiency and your target score. If you are aiming for the top 10 percentile and also are quite proficient already, then spend 3 hours for 2 weeks solving papers and revision. If you have just started preparing, then spend 2 hours for 3 months to gain good understanding of the test pattern and to do well.

The choice is entirely yours. If you feel you do not want to pursue science anymore, you should pick a stream which you would like to study. You should also consider if you would have to repeat a year, or if you would get an immediate transfer to a stream of your choice. If your grades are good, you most probably won't have to drop a year. Consult with your teachers whether you would be able to cope in another stream.

Rather than pursuing any extra courses, you should actually focus on the preparation of the 11th and 12th.Or in case, you aspire to appear for any entrance exam, then prepare for that. This will be the foundation of your career, so the results will matter. You will have a lot of time to pursue additional courses ahead.

If you have taken bio then taking physical education as your optional is the best choice. If you don't have interest in computers or codes then you should never take IP or CS as an optional subject because they would become a burden on you. You will have to give specific time to IP. One doesn't understand it in a SNAP. But if you have interest then go on and take it. If you have taken science with maths, then CS or physical are two good choices.

Information Practice (IP) was one of your subject in 12th and that certification is included in your 12th certificate. It was basically to build up your base in JAVA. No different certification for that.

You can't do it after 11th. Pursue 12th first and then give JEE Mains and Advance, if you get a good score, you can do aeronautical engineering.

There are a lot of career options after 12th.
B.Tech.
BCA
B.Sc
Polytechnic and more and more just go through the internet.
Many of your seniors will advise you to choose B.Tech CSE but you should pursue that particular one in which you have passion and interest.
All the best.

To teach in a public secondary school, a Bachelor's degree in computer science is usually required. A semester of student teaching is also needed and is usually completed within the Bachelor's degree program. A Master's degree is typically the minimum educational requirement to teach at a college or university.

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http://www.gangte.net/2014/03/how-to-become-a-hacker.html