English Preparation

Knowing how to identify tenses is important to complete understand what are tenses. Focusing on the verb form and how it relates to the action's time (past, present or future) can help in identifying the tenses in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs such as have, be, will, etc. help in identifying the tense and its aspect -simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.

There are three main tenses, Present, Past and Future. These tenses are further divided into four sub categories each. Hence, making the total to 12 tenses. These are:

Present Tense:

• Simple Present
• Present Continuous
• Present Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous

Past Tense:

• Simple Past
• Past Continuous
• Past Perfect
• Past Perfect Continuous

Future Tense:

• Simple Future
• Future Continuous
• Future Perfect
• Future Perfect Continuous

The following table depicts the best books for tense which the students can refer to:

Here are some simple examples of gerunds used in sentences:

• He enjoys running. (Object)
• Her passion is dancing. (Subject Complement)
• He avoids eating sugar. (Direct Object)
• They talked about shopping. (Object of a Preposition)
• She's afraid of skydiving. (Object of a Preposition)

A participle and a gerund both end with '-ing'; however, they play different roles. A gerund acts as a noun, whereas a participle acts as an adjective or helps in forming verb tenses.

Examples:

• Singing loudly annoys the neighbors. (Gerund phrase, subject)
• The singing bird woke me up. (Participle, describing a bird)

The '-ing' form of a verb is called the present participle. It can act as:

• A gerund (noun)
• A participle (adjective)
• Part of a continuous tense

Examples:

Cooking is relaxing. (Gerund)

The boiling water is hot. (Present Participle)

She is cooking dinner now. (Continuous Verb)

In English, a gerund phrase is a gerund plus any object, modifier, or complement that goes with it. Just like a gerund, a gerund phrase also works as a noun. 

Example: Watching movies at night helps me relax.

Here, Gerund is “Watching” and Modifier is “movies at night”.

A gerund is a verb ending with '-ing' and functioning as a noun. Gerunds in English grammar can be used in many positions:

• As a subject
• As an object
• As a subject complement

For example, His hobby is painting.

Students who want to master the active and passive voice topics are advised to follow the above-mentioned questions to practise. It will help them develop an understanding of the topic. Along with the above mentioned questions candidates can check the some standards books to prepare for the active and passive voice. 

To convert a sentence from active to passive voice, we first need to make the object of the active sentence the subject, and subject to object. After that we need to convert the sentence as per the active-passive rules mentioned on the page above as per active and passive grammar rules. .