Maths

Area A = 2π - ∫? ¹ (√x - x) dx is incorrect. The area is likely between two curves.
The calculation shown is:
A = 2π - [2/3 x^ (3/2) - x²/2] from 0 to 1.
A = 2π - (2/3 - 1/2) = 2π - (4/6 - 3/6) = 2π - 1/6 = (12π - 1)/6.

(81)^sin²x + (81)^cos²x = 30.
(81)^sin²x + (81)^ (1-sin²x) = 30.
Let y = 81^sin²x.
y + 81/y = 30
y² - 30y + 81 = 0
(y - 3) (y - 27) = 0
⇒ y = 3 or y = 27.
Either 81^sin²x = 3 ⇒ 3^ (4sin²x) = 3¹ ⇒ sin²x = 1/4 ⇒ sin x = ±1/2. x = π/6, 5π/6.
OR, 81^sin²x = 27 ⇒ 3^ (4sin²x) = 3³ ⇒ sin²x = 3/4 ⇒ sin x = ±√3/2. x = π/3, 2π/3.
(as 0 ≤ x ≤ π)
Total possible solutions = 4.

For the quadratic equation (k+1)tan²x - √2λ tanx + (k-1) = 0, the roots are tanα and tanβ.
Sum of roots: tanα + tanβ = √2λ / (k+1).
Product of roots: tanα tanβ = (k-1) / (k+1).
tan (α + β) = (tanα + tanβ) / (1 - tanα tanβ)
tan (α + β) = [√2λ / (k+1)] / [1 - (k-1)/ (k+1)]
tan (α + β) = [√2λ / (k+1)] / [ (k+1 - k + 1)/ (k+1)] = (√2λ) / 2 = λ/√2.
Given tan² (α+β) = 50.
(λ/√2)² = 50
λ²/2 = 50 ⇒ λ² = 100 ⇒ λ = ±10.

Given kx^ (k-1) + k * y^ (k-1) * dy/dx = 0.
dy/dx = - (kx^ (k-1) / (ky^ (k-1) = - (x/y)^ (k-1).
The provided solution has dy/dx + (x/y)^ (k-1) = 0.
It seems to relate to k-1 = -1/3, which implies k = 1 - 1/3 = 2/3.

Truth table for (p → q) ∧ (q → ~p).
| p | q | p → q | ~p | q → ~p | (p → q) ∧ (q → ~p) |
|-|-|-|-|-|-|
| T | T | T | F | F | F |
| T | F | F | F | T | F |
| F | T | T | T | T | T |
| F | F | T | T | T | T |
The final column is F, T, which is the truth table for ~p.
Therefore, (p → q) ∧ (q → ~p) is equivalent to ~p.

The tangent to the parabola y² = 4ax is y = mx + a/m.

For y² = 4x, a=1. So, the tangent is y = mx + 1/m.
The given line is y = mx + 4.
Comparing the two, 1/m = 4 ⇒ m = 1/4.
The line is y = (1/4)x + 4.
This line is also tangent to x² = 2by.
Substitute y into the parabola equation:
x² = 2b (1/4)x + 4)
x² = ( b/2 )x + 8b
x² - ( b/2 )x - 8b = 0.
For tangency, the discriminant (D) is zero.
D = (-b/2)² - 4 (1) (-8b) = 0.
b²/4 + 32b = 0.
b ( b/4 + 32) = 0.
b = 0 (not possible) or b/4 = -32 ⇒ b = -128.

(3¹/? + 5¹/? )?
General term =? C? (3¹/? )? (5¹/? )? =? C? 3^ (60-r)/4) 5^ (r/8)
Terms are rational for r being a multiple of 8 and (60-r) being a multiple of 4.
If r is a multiple of 8, then 60-r is 60 - 8k. Since 60 is a multiple of 4, 60-8k is also a multiple of 4.
So, we just need r to be a multiple of 8.
r = 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56. (Total 8 rational terms)
Total terms are 61.
Number of irrational terms = 61 - 8 = 53 = n.
∴ n - 1 = 52.