Motion in a Plane
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4.28 Can you associate vectors with
(a) The length of a wire bent into a loop
(b) A plane area
(c) A sphere?
Explain.
4.28 Can you associate vectors with
(a) The length of a wire bent into a loop
(b) A plane area
(c) A sphere?
Explain.
4.28
(a) We cannot associate the length of a wire bent into a loop with a vector.
(b) We can associate a plane area with a vector.
(c) We cannot associate the volume of a sphere with a vector.
4.27 A vector has both magnitude and direction. Does it mean that anything that has magnitude and direction is necessarily a vector? The rotation of a body can be specified by the direction of the axis of rotation, and the angle of rotation about the axis. Does that make any rotation a vector?
4.27 A vector has both magnitude and direction. Does it mean that anything that has magnitude and direction is necessarily a vector? The rotation of a body can be specified by the direction of the axis of rotation, and the angle of rotation about the axis. Does that make any rotation a vector?
4.27 No in the both the cases.
A physical quantity which is having both direction and magnitude is not necessarily a vector. For instance, in spite of having direction and magnitude, current is a scalar quantity. The basic necessity for a physical quantity to fall in a vector category is that it ough
4.26 A vector has magnitude and direction. Does it have a location in space? Can it vary with time? Will two equal vectors a and b at different locations in space necessarily have identical physical effects? Give examples in support of your answer.
4.26 A vector has magnitude and direction. Does it have a location in space? Can it vary with time? Will two equal vectors a and b at different locations in space necessarily have identical physical effects? Give examples in support of your answer.
4.26 Yes and No
A vector in space has no distinct location. The reason behind this is that a vector stays unchanged when it displaces in a way that its direction and magnitude do not change.
A vector changes with time. For instance, the velocity vector of a ball moving with a specific speed fluctuates
velocity of a freely falling body is v=
And
-1
The wavelength of a photon needed to remove a proton from a nucleus which is bound to the nucleus with 1 MeV energy is nearly
a) 1.2 nm (b) 1.2 x 10-3 nm
(c) 1.2 x 10-6 nm (d). 1.2 x 10 nm
velocity of a freely falling body is v=
And
-1
The wavelength of a photon needed to remove a proton from a nucleus which is bound to the nucleus with 1 MeV energy is nearly
a) 1.2 nm (b) 1.2 x 10-3 nm
(c) 1.2 x 10-6 nm (d). 1.2 x 10 nm
velocity of a freely falling body is v=
And
-1
The wavelength of a photon needed to remove a proton from a nucleus which is bound to the nucleus with 1 MeV energy is nearly
a) 1.2 nm (b) 1.2 x 10-3 nm
(c) 1.2 x 10-6 nm (d). 1.2 x 10 nm
Explanation- velocity of a freely falling body is v=
And
-1
The wavelength of a photon needed to remove a proton from a nucleus which is bound to the nucleus with 1 MeV energy is nearly
a) 1.2 nm (b) 1.2 x 10-3 nm
(c) 1.2 x 10-6 nm (d). 1.2 x 10 nm
Explanation- velocity of a freely falling body is v=
And
-1
The wavelength of a photon needed to remove a proton from a nucleus which is bound to the nucleus with 1 MeV energy is nearly
a) 1.2 nm (b) 1.2 x 10-3 nm
(c) 1.2 x 10-6 nm (d). 1.2 x 10 nm
(d)

We can write
OS + PS > OP …….(i)
OS > PS – OP …….(ii)
+ ….(iii)
The quantity on the LHS is always positive and that on the RHS can be positive or negative. To make both quantities positive, we take modulus of both sides as:
> ….(iv)
If the two vectors
Q.4.21 A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity of 10.0 ? m/s and moves in the x-y plane with a constant acceleration of (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?) m s-2.
(a) At what time is the x- coordinates of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate of the particle at that time?
(b) What is the speed of the particle at the time?
Q.4.21 A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity of 10.0 ? m/s and moves in the x-y plane with a constant acceleration of (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?) m s-2.
(a) At what time is the x- coordinates of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate of the particle at that time?
(b) What is the speed of the particle at the time?
Ans.4.21: (a) Velocity , = 10.0 ? m/s Acceleration, = (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?) m s-2 We know = = 8.0 ? + 2.0 ? = (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?)dt Integrating both sides we get (t) = 8.0t ? + 2.0t ? + , Where, velocity vector of the particle at t =0 velocity vector of the particle at time t But = = dt = (8.0t ? + 2.0t ? + )dt Integrating both sides with the condition at t = 0, r =0 and at t =t, r = r t + ½ 8.0 t2 ? + ½ 2.0 t2 ? = t + 4.0 t2 ? + t2 ? Substituting the value of , we get ( 10.0 ?)t + 4.0 t2 ? + t2 ? . This equation can be expressed as x ? + y ? = 4.0 t2 ? + ( 10.0t + t2) ? Since the motion of the particle is confined to the x-y plane, on equating the coefficients of ? and ?, we get x = 4.0 t2 and y = 10.0t + t2 t = (a) When x = 16m, t = 2 s, y = 24m (b) Velocity of the particle (t) = 8.0t ? + 2.0t ? + At t = 2 s, (t) = 8.0 2 ? + 2.0 ? + 10 ? = 16 ? + 14 ? The magnitude of (t) is given by = ( 162 + 142)1/2 = 21.26 m/s |
4.25 An aircraft is flying at a height of 3400 m above the ground. If the angle subtended at a ground observation point by the aircraft positions 10.0 s apart is 30°, what is the speed of the aircraft?
4.25 An aircraft is flying at a height of 3400 m above the ground. If the angle subtended at a ground observation point by the aircraft positions 10.0 s apart is 30°, what is the speed of the aircraft?
4.25

Height of the aircraft from the ground = 3400m
Let A and B be the positions of the aircraft, making an angle of AOB = 30 . The perpendicular OC and OC is the height of the aircraft. Angles AOC = angle BOC = 15
In AOC, AC = OC
= 3400 = 911.03m
AB = AC + CB = 2AC = 1
24 Read each statement below carefully and state, with reasons and examples, if it is true or false:
A scalar quantity is one that
(a) Is conserved in a process
(b) Can never take negative values
(c) Must be dimensionless
(d) Does not vary from one point to another in space
(e) Has the same value for observers with different orientations of axes
24 Read each statement below carefully and state, with reasons and examples, if it is true or false:
A scalar quantity is one that
(a) Is conserved in a process
(b) Can never take negative values
(c) Must be dimensionless
(d) Does not vary from one point to another in space
(e) Has the same value for observers with different orientations of axes
4.24
(a) Despite being a scalar quantity, energy is not conserved in elastic collisions. False
(b) Despite being a scalar quantity, the temperature can take negative values. False
(c) The total path length is a scalar quantity. Yet it has the dimension of length. False
(d) A scalar quantity such as
4.23 For any arbitrary motion in space, which of the following relations are true:
(a) V average = (1/2) (v (t1) + v (t2))
(b) V average = [r (t2) - r (t1)] / (t2 – t1)
(c) V (t) = v (0) + a t
(d) R (t) = r (0) + v (0) t + (1/2) a t2
(e) A average = [v (t2) - v (t1)] / (t2 – t1)
(The ‘average’ stands for average of the quantity over the time interval t1 to t2)
4.23 For any arbitrary motion in space, which of the following relations are true:
(a) V average = (1/2) (v (t1) + v (t2))
(b) V average = [r (t2) - r (t1)] / (t2 – t1)
(c) V (t) = v (0) + a t
(d) R (t) = r (0) + v (0) t + (1/2) a t2
(e) A average = [v (t2) - v (t1)] / (t2 – t1)
(The ‘average’ stands for average of the quantity over the time interval t1 to t2)
4.23
(a) For any arbitrary motion of a particle average velocity cannot be expressed by this equation. False
(b) The arbitrary motion of the particle can be represented by this equation, True
(c) For arbitrary motion of the particle, the acceleration may also be non uniform. False
4.21 A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity of 10.0 ? m/s and moves in the x-y plane with a constant acceleration of (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?) m s-2.
(a) At what time is the x- coordinates of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate of the particle at that time?
(b) What is the speed of the particle at the time?
4.21 A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity of 10.0 ? m/s and moves in the x-y plane with a constant acceleration of (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?) m s-2.
(a) At what time is the x- coordinates of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate of the particle at that time?
(b) What is the speed of the particle at the time?
4.21:
(a) Velocity , = 10.0 ? m/s
Acceleration, = (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?) m s-2
We know = = 8.0 ? + 2.0 ?
= (8.0 ? + 2.0 ?)dt
Integrating both sides we get (t) = 8.0t ? + 2.0t ? + ,
Where, velocity vector of the particle at t =0
v