Physics

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Explanation- Inside a small spaceship orbiting around the earth, the value of acceleration due to gravity can be calculated as constant and hence astronaut feels weightlessness.

If the space station orbiting around the earth has a large size such that variation in g matters in that case astronaut inside the spaceship will experience gravitational force and hence can detect gravity.

Explanation- A body can be shielded from the gravitational influence of nearby matter because gravitational force between two point mass bodies is independent of the intervening medium. we cannot shield a body from gravitational influence of nearby matter.

This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
Explanation- Yes, a body can have inertia but no weight. When we taken body to the centre of earth its has some inertia but no weight .

This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- Gravitational forces acting between two point masses m₁ and m₂, F= Gm₁m₂/r² is independent of nature between them. So the gravitational force will remain unaffected when dipped in water.

This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation-areal velocity of earth and sun

dA/dt=L/2m

where L is angular momentum

but we know L= r $*P=r\left(mv\right)$

dA/dt=1/2m (r $*mv$ )=1/2 (r $*v$ )

so dA/dt direction will be perpendicular to the plane containing r and v

This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation-

areal velocity of a planet revolving around the sun is constant with respect to time.

Explanation- examples of central force – gravitational force and electrostatic force

Examples of non central force = nuclear force, magnetic force acting between two current carrying loops etc.

This is a  Short Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation-air molecules in the atmosphere are attracted vertically downward by the gravitational force of the earth just like an apple falling from the tree. Air molecules move randomly due to their thermal velocity and hence resultant motion of air molecules move randomly in vertical downward direction. But in case of apple it is heavier than air so it fall downwards only.

This is a Long Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- r_p= radius of perihelion =2R

R_a = radius of aphelion =6R

So r_a=a(1+e)=6R

And r_p= a(1-e)=2R

Solving above eqns

 We get e = ½

By conservation of angular momentum angular momentum at perigee= angular momentum at apogee

So mv_pr_p=mv_ar_a

V_a/v_p=1/3

Where m is mass of satellite .

By conservation of energy , energy at perigee =energy at apogee

$\frac{1}{2}m{v}_p^2$ - $\frac{GMm}{r_p}=\frac{1}{2}m{v}_a^2-\frac{GMm}{r_a}$

So $v_p^2\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)=-2GM\left(\frac{1}{r_a}-\frac{1}{r_p}\right)=2GM\left(\frac{1}{r_p}-\frac{1}{r_a}\right)$

V_p= $\frac{{\left[\frac{2GM}{R}\right(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{6}\left)\right]}^{1/2}}{[{{[1-\frac{v_a}{v_p}]}^2]}^{1/2}}$ = $\sqrt[]{\frac{3}{4}\frac{GM}{R}}=6.85km/s$

V_p=6.85km/s , v_a=2.28km/s

So orbital velocity v_c= $\sqrt[]{\frac{GM}{r}}$

R=6R ,v_c= 3.23km/s

Hence to transfer to a circular orbit at apogee , we have to boost the velocity by 3.23-2.28=0.95km/s.