Semiconductor Electronics

This is a Long Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Explanation- voltage across R_B= 10V

Resistance R_B= 400kohm

V_BE= 0, V_CE= 0, R_c=3kohm

I_B= voltage /R_B= 10/400 $*$  10³= 25 $*$ 10^-6A

Voltage across R_c= 10V

I_c=voltage/R_c= 10/3 $*$ 10³= 3.33 $*$ 10^-3

$\beta =\frac{I_c}{I_B}=\frac{3.33*{10}^{-3}}{25*{10}^{-6}}=133$

This is a Long Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

forward biased resistance = 25ohm

Reverse biased resistance = infinity

As CD branch is reverse biased having infinite resistance.

So I₃= 0

Resistance in branch AB= 25+125= 150 ohm (R₁)

Resistance in branch EF= 25+125= 150 ohm (R₂)

They both are in parallel

 So $\frac{1}{R}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}=\frac{1}{150}+\frac{1}{150}=\frac{2}{150}$

R= 75ohm

So total resistance = 25+75= 100ohm

Current = V/R= 5/100=0.05A

I₁=I₂+I₃+I₄

I₁=I₄+I₂

Here the resistance R₁ and R₂ is same

I₄=I₂

I₁= 2I₂

I₂= I₁/2=0.05/2=0.025A

I₄= 0.025A

As per the NCERT Textbooks

“An integrated Chip consists of many passive and active components fabricated on a single chip of silicon. these ICs are compact, low-cost, and highly reliable. They consume less power and have high speed.”

These ICs are used in majority of our daily use electronics and all advance electronics. 

 A p-type semiconductor is electrically neutral despite having more holes, because the number of positively charged holes is exactly balanced/equal by the number of negatively charged acceptor ions introduced during doping. so practically untill any volatage is applied the semiconductor remains chargeless in other words doesn't produce any current even after doping.

 As per the NCERT Textbooks information"Although the number of holes is more than the number of electrons in a p-type semiconductor, the material as a whole is electrically neutral because the charge of holes is balanced by the negatively charged acceptor ions.”

As per NCERT Textbboks"If forward current is too large, it can produce large heating and damage the junction. So, a resistor is used in series with the diode to limit the current in the circuit.”

It means when a semiconductor diode is connected to a source under high current it causes excess heat due to more electrical energy. This excess heat is responsible to damage the junction in semiconductor diode permanently. Student can check out NCERT Solutions for Semicondutor Electronics of class 12 physics.