Sequence and Series

15. Sum of odd integers from 1 to 2001

=1+3+5+ … +2001

So, a=1

d=3 – 1=2

? For n^th term,

a_n=a+ (n – 1)d.

? the last n^th term is 2001,

2001 =1+ (n – 1)2.

(n – 1)2 =2001 – 1

n – 1= $\frac{2000}{2}=1000$

n =1000+1

n =1001.

? Sum of n terms, S_n= $\frac{n}{2}$  (a + l); l = last term.

? Required sum = $\frac{1001}{2}(1+2001)=\frac{1001}{2}*20021001*1001$ =1002001

14. Given, a₁=1=a₂.

a_n=a_{n – 1}+a_{n – 2},n>2.

We need to find, $\frac{a_{n+1}}{n}$

Putting n=3,4,5,6 in an=an – 1+an – 2 we have,

a₃=a_{3 – 1}+a_{3 – 2}=a₂+a₁=1+1=2.

a₄=a_{4 – 1}+a_{4 – 2}=a₃+a₂=2+1=3.

a₅=a_{5 – 1}+a_{5 – 2}=a₄+a₃=3+2=5.

a₆=a_{6 – 1}+a_{6 – 2}=a₅+a₄=5+3=8.

Now, to find $\frac{a_{n+1}}{n}$ ,

Substitute n=1,2,3,4,5.

$\frac{a_{1+1}}{a_1}=\frac{a_2}{a_1}=\frac{1}{1}=1$

$\frac{a_{2+1}}{a_2}=\frac{a_3}{a_2}=\frac{2}{1}=2$

$\frac{a_{3+1}}{a_3}=\frac{a_4}{a_3}=\frac{3}{2}$

$\frac{a_{4+1}}{a_4}=\frac{a_5}{a_4}=\frac{5}{3}$

$\frac{a_{5+1}}{a_5}=\frac{a_6}{a_5}=\frac{8}{5}$ .

13. Given,

a₁=a₂=2.

a_n=a_{n – 1} – 1

Putting n=3,4,5.

a₃=a_{3 – 1} – 1=a_{3 – 1} – 1=a₂ – 1=2 – 1=1

a₄=a_{4 – 1} – 1=a₃ – 1=1 – 1=0

a₅=a_{5 – 1} – 1=a₄ – 1=0 – 1= –1 .

Hence the first five forms of the sequence are 2,2,1,0, –1.

And the series is 2+2+1+0+ (–1)+ ….

12. Given, a₁= –1,

$a_n=\frac{a_{n-1}}{n},n\ge 2$

Putting n=2,3,4,5 we get,

$a_2=\frac{a_{2-1}}{2}=\frac{a_1}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}$

$a_3=\frac{a_{3-1}}{3}=\frac{a_2}{3}=\frac{-1/2}{3}=-\frac{1}{6}$

$a_4=\frac{a_{4-1}}{4}=\frac{a_3}{4}=\frac{-1/6}{4}=-\frac{1}{24}.$

$a_5=\frac{a_{5-1}}{5}=\frac{a_4}{5}=\frac{-1/24}{5}=-\frac{1}{120}$ .

So the first five terms of the sequence are –1, $-\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{6},-\frac{1}{24}$ and $-\frac{1}{120}$ .

And the series is $(-1)+\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)+\left(-\frac{1}{24}\right)+\left(-\frac{1}{120}\right)+\dots$ .

11. Given, a₁=3

a_n=3a_{n – 1}.+2  "n>1.

Putting n=2,3,4,5 we get,

a₂=3a_{2 – 1}+2=3a₁+2=3 * 3+2=9+2=11

a₃=3a_{3 – 1}+2=3a₂+2=3 * 11+2=33+2=35

a₄=3a_{4 – 1}+2=3a₃+2=3 * 35+2=105+2=107.

a₅=3a_{5 – 1}+2=3a₄+2=3 * 107+2=321+2=323.

Hence, the first five terms of the sequence are 3,11,35,107,323.

And the series is 3+11+35+107+323+ …

10.$a_n=\frac{x(x-2)}{x+3}$ .

Put n=20,

$a_{20}=\frac{20(20-2)}{20+3}=\frac{20*18}{23}=\frac{360}{23}$

9. a_n= ( –1)^{n – 1} .n³.

Put n=9 we get,

a_q= (–1)^{9 – 1}.9³= (–1)⁸. 729=729.

8. $a_n=\frac{n^2}{2^n}$

Put n=7,

$a_7=\frac{7^2}{2^7}=\frac{49}{128}$

7. a_n = 4_n – 3.

Putting n = 17, we get

a₁₇ = 4 * 17 – 3=68 – 3 = 65.

and putting n = 24 we get,

a₂₄ = 4 * 24 – 3 = 96 – 3 = 93

5. Here, a_n= (–1)^{n – 1} . 5ⁿ⁺¹

Putting n=1,2,3,4,5 we get,

a₁= (–1)^{1 – 1}.5¹⁺¹= (–1)⁰* 5²=25

a₂= (–1)^{2 – 1}.5²⁺¹= (–1)¹* 5³= –125

a₃= (–1)^{3 – 1}. 5³⁺¹= (–1)²* 5⁴=625

a₄= (–1)^{4 – 1}. 5⁴⁺¹= (–1)³. 5⁵= –3125

a₅= (–1)^{5 – 1}. 5⁵⁺¹= (–1)⁴. 5⁶=15625.

Hence, the first five terms are 25, –125,625, –3125 and 15625.