B.Ed

There are colleges which offer integrated courses in Botany (M.Sc and B.Ed), however, this list of colleges is very limited. Integrated courses in Physics, chemistry, etc., are more popular. However, if you explore online, you should be able to narrow down your search to a college of your choice. For e.g. The Central University of Rajasthan offers integrated courses in Physics and Chemistry (M.Sc+B.Ed).

You can apply for B.Ed after graduating. For applying B.Ed in IGNOU graduation in any stream is mandatory.

Yes Sanjeev, since you have done B.Sc and B.Ed both, you are eligible for CTET and state TETs (of whichever state you are eligible to appear in).
For KVS, you'll be eligible for the post of PGT and PRT teacher, once you qualify the CTET exam.
You can read the eligibility criteria in detail on the following websites:
www.kvsangathan.nic.in
www.ctet.nic.in

Yes after successfully completing B.Ed. you can appear for the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET). B.Ed is necessary these days for a career in the school level teaching job.

Yes, it is a full-time course.
Refer to the link for details: https://www.shiksha.com/teaching-education/course/integrated-b-ed-m-ed-mahatma-gandhi-antarrashtriya-hindi-vishwavidyalaya-wardha-273237.

Yes, you can. You will have to appear for the entrance exam conducted for admission.
You get exact details visit: http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/school/soe/programmes/detail/90/2.

Yes, definitely you are eligible for B.Ed (Bachelor of education) after completing B.Pharmacy.
To pursue B.Ed from a recognized university, aspirants must be a graduate in any discipline.

Some of the best universities are: Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, DU and Jamia Millia Islamia University.