Chemistry Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

$O_2^{-2}=8*2+2=18e^{-}$

${\sigma }_{1s}^2{\sigma }_{1s}^{*2}{\sigma }_{2s}^2{\sigma }_{2s}^{*2}{\sigma }_{2pz}^2{\pi }_{2px}^2={\pi }_{2py}^2{\pi }_{2px}^{*2}={\pi }_{2py}^{*2}$      

Number of unpaired e^- = 0

Ans. = 0

$\kappa =\frac{1}{R}*\frac{\mathcal{l}}{A}=\left[\left(\frac{1}{1500}\right)*1.14\right]Sc{m}^{-1}=\frac{1.14}{1500}Sc{m}^{-1}$

${\lambda }_m=\frac{\kappa }{M}*1000Sc{m}^{2}mo{l}^{-1}$

${\lambda }_m=1000*\frac{\left(\frac{1.14}{1500}\right)}{0.001}Sc{m}^{2}mo{l}^{-1}=760Sc{m}^{2}mo{l}^{-1}$

Electronic configuration of $O_2^{-}$ anion is;

${\left(\sigma 1s\right)}^2{\left({\sigma }_{1s}^{*}\right)}^2{\left({\sigma }_{2s}\right)}^2{\left({\sigma }_{2s}^{*}\right)}^2{\left(\sigma 2pz\right)}^2{\left(\pi 2px\right)}^2={\left(\pi 2py\right)}^2{\left(\pi *2px\right)}^2={\left(\pi *2py\right)}^1$

In anion total 10 e^- resides in Bonding Molecular Orbitals and 7e^- resides in anti-Bonding Molecular orbitals. Hence bond order $=\frac{10-7}{2}=\frac{3}{2}=1.5.$

It is paramagnetic due to one unpaired electron.

$F-Be-F$ $\mu =0$      

BF₃             $\mu =0$            

H₂O         $\mu =0$

NH₃           $\mu =0$                          

CCl₄           $\mu =0$             

HCl             $\mu =0$            

  $\underset{\left(acid\right)}{H_{2}S}+\underset{Base}{H_{2}O}?H_3{O}^{+}+H{S}^{-}$

$\underset{\left(acid\right)}{H_{2}O}+\underset{\left(Base\right)}{N{H}_3}?N{H}_{4}OH$

With H₂S water acts like base and with NH₃ it acts like acid.

  $C{N}^{-},N{O}^{+}and{O}_2^{2+}$ have bond order = 3

The central atom of nitrogen has 5 valence electrons as per the electronic configuraion. During the formation of ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_3$ , 3 valence electrons forms three sigma bonds with hydrogen and one lone electron pair is left.

• The steric number  of the ammonia molecule: SN=3 bonds +1 lone pair $=4$ total electron domains.
• As per the steric number, there is ${\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}}^3$ hybridisation in ammonia.
• The lone pair causes repulsion, which leads to a trigonal pyramidal geometry with bond angles of ${107}^{?}$ .

Kindly consider the following figure