Chemistry
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a year agoContributor-Level 10
9.36. (i) Hydrogen economy: The basic principle of hydrogen economy is the storage and transportation of energy in the form of liquid or gaseous dihydrogen.
(ii) Hydrogenation: Hydrogenation means addition of hydrogen across double and triple bonds in presence of catalyst to form saturated compounds.
(iii) Syngas: The mixture of CO and H2 are called synthesis gas or 'syngas'. It can be produced by the reaction of steam on hydrocarbon or coke at high temperature in the presence of nickel catalyst
(iv) Water-gas shift reaction: The amount of hydrogen in the syngas can be increased by the action of CO of syngas m
New answer posted
a year agoContributor-Level 10
9.35. Bleaching action of H2O2 is due to the oxidation of colouring matter by nascent oxygen.
H2O2→ H2O + O
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a year agoContributor-Level 10
9.34. KCl is a salt of strong acid HCl and strong base KOH. Such salts are neutral in nature and do not undergo hydrolysis. In neutral water, acidic water, and alkaline water, KCl dissociates as
Water
KCl → ?K++Cl−
AlCl3? is a salt of strong acid HCl and weak base Al(OH)3?.
(i) In normal water, it is hydrolyzed.
AlCl3?+3H2?O→Al(OH)3?+3H++3Cl−
(ii) In acidic water, H+ ions react with Al(OH)3? (obtained from the hydrolysis of AlCl3?) forming water and Al3+ ions. Hence it exists as Al3++Cl−
AlCl3? + acidifiedwater? → Al++3Cl−
(iii) In alkaline wa
New answer posted
a year agoContributor-Level 10
11.80
The preparation of ether by acid dehydration of primary alcohol involves the nucleophilic addition of alcohol molecule to the protonated alcohol molecule as shown below: -
However, under these conditions secondary and tertiary alcohols forms alkenes rather than ethers. The reason for this being that due to stearic hindrance, nucleophilic attack by the alcohol molecule on the protonated alcohol molecule does not take place. Instead protonated 20 and 30 alcohols lose a molecule of water to form stable carbocations. The stable carbocations so formed prefers to lose a proton to form alkenes instead of forming ethers by undergoing
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a year agoContributor-Level 10
9.33. Atomic number 15 is of phosphorus. The hydride is PH3 and its nature is covalent. Atomic number = 19 is of potassium. The hydride is KH and it is ionic in nature. Atomic number = 23 is of vanadium. The hydride is VH. It is interstitial or metallic. Atomic number =44 is of ruthenium, its hydride is interstitial or metallic.
New answer posted
a year agoContributor-Level 10
9.32. Saline hydrides (i.e. CaH2 NaH etc.) react with water and form the corresponding metal hydroxide with the liberation of H2 gas. Thus, these hydrides can be used to remove traces of water from the organic compounds.
NaH (s) + H2O (l) → NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
CaH2 (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca (OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
New answer posted
a year agoContributor-Level 10
11.79
According to the question we have to perform the following conversion: -
The mechanism of the above reaction is as follows : - The mechanism is given below: -
In the first step, the alcohol gets protonated by the acid present to give a protonated alcohol.
In the second step, the nucleophilic attack of another alcohol molecule on the protonated alcohol gives us 1-propoxypropane as the desired product.
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a year agoContributor-Level 10
9.31. (H+ and OH− ions) of water molecule react with a compound to form products. For example:
NaH+H2O → NaOH+H2
Hydration is defined as the addition of one or more water molecules to ions or molecules to form hydrated compounds. For example:
CuSO4+5H2O → CuSO4.5H2O
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a year agoContributor-Level 10
11.78
Williamson synthesis is basically a SN2 reaction of a primary alkyl halide with an alkoxide ion. The basic mechanism for this reaction is
Now consider this reaction,
This reaction proceeds as conventional Williamson synthesis. But if secondary or tertiary alkyl halides are taken in place of primary alkyl halides, then elimination would compete over substitution reaction, which will result in the formation of alkenes. The reason is alkoxides are better nucleophiles as well as strong bases. Therefore, they react with alkyl halides resulting in an elimination reaction.
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a year agoTaking an Exam? Selecting a College?
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