Class 12-science

Due to their high electronegativity, small atomic size, greater ability to form multiple bonds, and absence of d-orbitals, the first elements of each group behave differently.

The image is real when it is formed by the actual convergence of rays and it can be projected on a screen. For example, when the object is placed beyond focus, and the image is formed either by the convex lens or concave mirror.
The image is virtual, if it is formed by the apparent divergence of rays and it cannot be captured on a screen. For example, when the image is formed by the convex mirror or plane mirror.

Simple microscope: When the object is placed within the focal length, the simple microscope works on the principle of producing an erect, virtual and magnified image. To magnify small objects, the simple microscope uses a single convex lens.
Compound microscope: It uses two lenses including an eyepiece and objective. The objective lens creates a real, magnified, and inverted image which acts as the object for the eyepiece, which in turn magnifies it further.

In Ray Optics And Optical Instruments questions, when using lens and mirror formulas, sign convention helps in maintaining consistency. The sign convention determines whether quantities like image distance, object distance, and focal length are taken as positive or negative. The incorrect usage of these sign conventions mostly leads to wrong magnifications and image positions. For accurate results, it is essential to follow the Cartesian sign.

Some of the most popular courses PCB students opt for include BSc in Biology, BSc in Biotechnology, BSc in Microbiology, BSc in Biochemistry, BSc in Nursing, BSc in Pharmacy, BSc in Nutrition and Dietetics, etc. These specializations are highly popular among students and often help them to land potentially high-paying job roles in today's scenario.

Students have a wide variety of courses to select after their class 12 Science. For those who completed Class 12 with PCB option, they can join for courses like, BSc, MBBS, Pharm BDS, BAMS, nursing, Pharm D, BA and other related courses. Students with PCM option can go for BSc, BA, Bcom, courses after 12th Science.

The Class 12 grade plays an important role in college admissions. Many universities or colleges have a minimum percentage requirement to apply for different courses. For engineering, 50% marks in Class 12 with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics (PCM) are generally required for admission to many colleges. For some degree courses, admissions are based completely on your 12th marks. For entrance exam-based admissions (like JEE, NEET), the 12th percentage will also be considered as a criteria. Hence, your 12th grade marks are important for your higher education admission.