English

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne was the last of the peace settlements negotiated at the end of the First World War, and the only one to endure to this day. It brokered peace between Turkey and the “Allied and Associated Powers”: Britain, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Romania and Yugoslavia. Just a few years earlier the defeated Ottoman Empire's two allied empires of Germany and Austro-Hungary had been presented with a dictated peace at Versailles, Saint-Germain and Trianon. Like them, so the Ottomans were loaded with war guilt, reparations, and massive losses of territory.

There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

 Sentence: He thought the young gentleman could hardly find time for such a meeting during his brief visit.

A very interesting young man, the Deacon said, much given to the reading of pious books. Up late at night after he came, reading Scott's Commentary. (1)____________. Appeared to be as fond of serious works as other young folks were of their novels and romances and other immoral publications. (2)____________. He, the Deacon, thought of having a few religious friends to meet the young gentleman, if he felt so disposed; and should like to have him, Mr. Bradshaw, come in and take a part in the exercises. Mr. Bradshaw was unfortunately engaged. (3)____________.Mr. Bradshaw expected naturally to see a youth of imperfect constitution, and cachectic or dyspeptic tendencies, who was in training to furnish one of those biographies beginning with the statement that, from his infancy, the subject of it showed no inclination for boyish amusements, and so on, until he dies out, for the simple reason that there was not enough of him to live. (4)____________.

There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

Sentence: One common product-labelling tool within the industry was the Higg Materials Sustainability Index

A multitude of metrics, certification schemes and labels mark the environmental consequences of making and selling clothing. (1) ___________. Brands have been accused of greenwashing due to the poor quality of information used in some of them. (2) ____________. Introduced in 2011, the Higg Index was a rating system used by several large brands and retailers to determine and report the global warming impact and water consumption of different products, among other environmental measures. (3)___________. The approach adopted by the index was challenged by the Norwegian Consumer Authority for limiting its assessment to only certain phases of a product's lifecycle, such as the sourcing of materials. (4)__________.

Four jumbled up sentences, related to a topic, are given below. Three of them can be put together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify the odd one out.

1. The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls and they also served as commanders in chief of the army. 

2. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were drawn largely from the Senate, which was dominated by the patricians, or the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus.

3. Politics in the early republic was marked by the long struggle between patricians and plebeians (the common people), who eventually attained some political power through years of concessions from patricians, including their own political bodies, the tribunes, which could initiate or veto legislation.

4. The country of France emerged from the fragmentation of the larger Carolingian empire, when Hugh Capet became King of West Francia in 987.

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

We have almost completely substituted all previous forms of communication, transportation, and other aspects of our society with the creation of newer, more industrial methods and apparatuses. Before the invention of motorized vehicles, people rode horse-drawn carriages to get from one place to another. Before the creation of mobile cellular devices, people sent handwritten letters and postcards in the mail. Before the establishment of the internet, most leisure activities and social interactions were conducted outdoors and in person.

Four jumbled up sentences, related to a topic, are given below. Three of them can be put together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify the odd one out.

1. The prize has a global remit, featuring entrants from Canada and China to New Zealand, Niger and the Netherlands.

2. First, at foundation level, there were obstructions and deep geological scour hollows that created significant risk when combining the new structures with those already in place.

3. The firm also worked hard to restore the external fabric of the building to maximise its reuse. 

4. Fire risk management also posed a big challenge – it is always highly complex in this kind of mixed-use building, especially since the Grenfell Tower fire.

The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and choose the correct option.

1. The polymerization of amino acids to form long protein-like molecules (“proteinoids”) was accomplished through dry heating by American biochemist Sidney Fox and his colleagues. 

2. The polyamine acids that he formed are not random molecules unrelated to life.

3.They have distinct catalytic activities. 

4. Long polymers of amino acids were also produced from hydrogen cyanide and anhydrous liquid ammonia by American chemist Clifford Matthews in simulations of the early upper atmosphere.