General Principles & Processes of Isolating Elemen

In Calcination and roasting CO? and SO? are released which are responsible for Global warning and acid rain.

Cast iron is used to make wrought iron and steel.

Theory based.                                                                                                                               

Kindly go through the solution

Concept based.

Ellingham Diagram doesn't give idea about of rate of reaction.

Bauxite contains SiO?, TiO? & Fe?O? as impurities. SiO? being acidic is leached with NaOH as Na?SiO?.
Al?O? + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO? + H?O
SiO? + 2NaOH → Na?SiO? + H?O

(A) Concentration of Ag & Au done by NaCN. It is known as Mac Arthur Process (cyanide process)
(B) Blast furnace produces pig Fe.
(C) Blister Cu → Reverberatory furnace. In this furnace smelting & roasting of ore take place
CuFeS? + O? → Cu? O + FeO
(D) Froth floatation process is used for concentration of sulphide ores.

Kernite $\left(N{a}_2{B}_4{O}_7.4H_{2}O\right)\to$ it is ore of boron

Cassiterite (SnO₂) → it is ore of tin

Calamine (ZnCO₃) → it is ore of zinc

Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) → it is ore fluorine

Calamine is the ore of zinc i.e. ZnCO₃.

Malachite is the ore of copper i.e. CuCO₃.Cu (OH)₂.

(a) Na₂CO₃ -> Solvay

(b) Ti -> Van-Arkel

(c) Cl₂ -> Deacon

(d) NaOH -> Castner – kellner