M.A

No, you can have a direct entry to MA sociology.

You can do MA in English, because the degree of B.Tech is completely graduate degree & MA (any discipline) can be done after graduation. So, you are eligible for MA most of the university have course of MA (english,two years or four samesters) & prefer 50%marks of graduation.
Many universities also conduct entrance exam, so you can see syllabus on official website of them.
Books are available in market (basically syllabus pattern will be same in graduation level in English subject).

For MA Mass Communication: All the candidates need to possess a Bachelor's degree in any discipline with at least 50 percent marks. So, you will be eligible as far as your course is concerned.

The question is a little confusing. As far as I am getting your question. You're asking regarding the medium required for admission in MA Urdu.
I would like to inform you that JMI conduct its entrance test in different medium. I am not sure about MA in Urdu. But, one thing is for sure that questions in English would be there. Other medium like Urdu, Hindi could be possible.
If you had any other doubt, please let me know.

Hi,
The minimum qualification required for entry into B.Ed course is Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (B.Sc ) or Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) form a recognized board/university with at least 50% marks. So, you are not eligible for B.Ed with graduation mark. Thanks.

Hi,
Candidate must have completed Bachelor's Degree or Master's Degree in Science/ Social Science/ Commerce Humanity with minimum 50%.
Candidate must be trained in-service teachers in elementary education.
For details information you can see below link:
https://www.shiksha.com/teaching-education/course/amp/b-ed-centre-for-distance-and-open-learning-jamia-millia-islamia-jamia-nagar-delhi-282787
Thanks.

Lovely Professional University
Amity University
IPU- Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
GD Goenka University.