NCERT

Torque (? ) is used to measure the force that causes rotational motion. It is similar to how force causes linear motion. Newton's second law for rotational motion shows the relation between torque and angular acceleration.

I stand for the moment of inertia and a is the angular acceleration. According to this equation, the greater the torque applied to an object, the higher its angular acceleration. Moreover, the object with a larger I will require more torque to achieve the same angular acceleration.

Translational motion is when every part of an object moves at the same speed and uniformly in the same direction, like a car moving along a straight road. Rotational motion refers to an object rotating around a fixed axis, eg- a spinning wheel. One of the main difference is that in translation motion, all points on the object have the same velocity and in rotational motion, velocity changes based on the distance from the axis of rotation. Various real-life motions combine both rotational and translation motion.

The centre of mass (COM) of a system refers to the point that represents the average position where the entire mass of the system is considered to be concentrated. The concept helps in analyzing the motion of a system of particles. Following is the formula to determine the COM of two or more particles:

In this formula,  m1, and m2 stand for masses and r1, r2 are their respective positions. COM motion follows Newton's law which says that if no external force acts on a system, COM moves with uniform velocity.

Students can download the NCERT Solutions PDF for Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter from reliable educational platforms. However, candidates can also visit the homepage of Shiksha and click on the “NCERT Chemistry Class 12th Solution PDF - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Chapter Download” to donwload the PDF. These NCERT PDF Solutions are helpful to prepare without an internet connection. The Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions consists of detailed explanations, formulas, and solved examples to help students prepare effectively.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Ch 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter includes step-by-step explanations of numerical problems, theoretical concepts and derivations. 

These  Class 12 Ch 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter NCERT Solutions help students not only to clear thier doubts but also useful to practice problem-solving, and to understand important topic and concepts that are frequently asked in CBSE board exams and competitive exams. Practicing with Class 12 Physics NCERT solutions PDFs improve conceptual clarity and boosts student's confidence for exams.

The Class 12 Physics Ch 10 Wave Optics includes a significant weightage in CBSE Class 12 Physics Exams which carries around 10 to 12 marks. Topics like Diffraction, Polarization, and Young's Double-Slit Experiment are oftenly asked in theory-based and numerical questions in CBSE Board exams and other competitive exams and therefore it is an important chapter for exams preparation. 

The NCERT Solutions PDFs for Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics provide step-by-step explanations, solved examples, and numerical problem-solving techniques which help students preparing for the CBSE Board exams and other competitive exams to clear their doubts. 

These Class 12 Physics NCERT Solution PDFs help students strengthen conceptual understanding, and develop problem-solving skills which can be beneficial for board exam preparation to understand the key concepts necessary to score well.

NCERT Class 12 Physics Ch 10 Wave Optics is important because it consists of fundamental concepts like Young's Double-Slit Experiment, Interference, Diffraction, Huygens' Principle, and Polarization. These concepts and topics are oftenly asked in CBSE Board Exams, JEE, NEET, and other entrance exams. Understanding this chapter allow students build a strong foundation in optical wave phenomena, which is important for students to learn and prepare for problem-solving and application-based questions in competitive exams.