P Block Elements
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New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.49
Disproportionation is a chemical reaction typically a redox reaction where a molecule is transformed into two or more dissimilar products.
On heating, orthophosphorus acid (H3PO3) disproportionate to give orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4)
and phosphine (PH3). The oxidation states of Phosphorous in various species involved in the reaction are mentioned below.
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.48
Catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series to form a chain. Catenation is much more common in phosphorous compounds than in nitrogen compounds.
This is because of the relative weakness of the NN single bond as compared to the PP single bond. Since nitrogen atom is smaller, there is greater repulsion of electron density of two nitrogen atoms, thereby weakening the NN single bond. T
his is the reason why Nitrogen shows catenation properties less than phosphorous.
Phosphorous has larger atomic size because of which it has less repulsion of electron density of two phosphorous atoms and hence P-P single bond is st
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.13
Red Phosphorus |
White Phosphorus |
1. It is soft solid and almost colourless but acquires pale yellow colour on standing. | 1. It is a red solid. |
2. It melts at 317 K and boils at 563 K. | 2. It burns at 533K to give phosphorous pentaoxide. |
3. With air contact it undergoes slow combustion and glows in dark. This property is called chemiluminescence. | 3. It does not glow in dark. |
4. It is insoluble in water but readily soluble in carbon disulphide and oils. | 4. It is insoluble in water as well as in carbon disulphide. |
5. It is very reactive and catches fire when heated in air. On burning it gives dense white fumes of phosphorus pentoxide. | 5. It is more stable and chemically less reactive as compared to white phosphorus. |
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.46
Nitrogen owing to its small size has a tendency to form p – p multiple bonds with itself. Nitrogen thus forms a very stable diatomic molecule, N2.
On moving down, a group, the tendency to form p–p bonds decreases [because of the large size of heavier elements]. With the increase in the size of atoms, the strength p– p bonds decreases.
Thus p– p bonds are weaker for heavier atoms. Therefore, phosphorus [like other heavier metals] exists in the P4 state, as shown below.
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.45
Nitrogen has a smaller size than Bismuth, because on going down the group the atomic size increases
i.e. N
Due to smaller size, there is very high electron density around Nitrogen as compared to Bismuth. Therefore, nitrogen atom can easily release electrons. And, we know higher the electron donating tendency, higher is the basic strength. Due to which NH3 is more basic than BiH3.
Note: The basic strength in group 15 is in the following pattern:
NH3 > PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.44
Nitrogen does not have d-orbital to expand its octet. So, it cannot have coordination number greater than 4. But, phosphorous has d-orbital and can extend its octet and form R3P = O. Therefore, R3P = O exist but R3N = O does not.
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.43
Among the group 15 elements, N has the highest electronegativity, because of which there is high electron density around N. This causes repulsion between the electron pairs around causing high HNH angle value.
As we go down the group, the electronegativity of the elements decease and the bond angle also decreases due to lesser repulsion.
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.42
To draw the resonating structure of NO2 No. of valence electrons for N = 5
No. of valence electrons for O = 2 * 6 = 12
Total no. of valence electrons = 5 + 12 = 17
The N and O atoms are arranged in such a way that the less electronegative atom N is placed as the central atom.
Electron pairs are placed between bonds and distributed around the atoms to form octet as shown. Both the O atoms have their complete octet but N has only 5 electrons.
A pair of electrons is transferred from O to the bond between O and N. Both the O atoms have their complete octets and N has 7 electrons.
The resonating structures of NO2 can be shown as:
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.41
Copper metal on reaction with HNO3 gets oxidized and give different by-products depending on the temperature, concentration of the acid and the copper metal undergoing oxidation.
The reaction of copper with concentrated and dilute HNO3 is as shown below:
3Cu + 8HNO3 (did.) 3Cu (NO3)2 + 2NO +4H2O
Cu + 4HNO3 (conc.) Cu (NO3)2 + 2NO2 +2H2O
New answer posted
4 months agoContributor-Level 10
7.40
Ammonia is manufactured industrially by Haber's process. Nitrogen from gas is combined with hydrogen derived from natural gas (methane) in the ratio 1:3 giving rise to ammonia. The reaction is reversible and exothermic.
The optimum conditions for the manufacturing of ammonia are pressure 200*105 Pa, the temperature of 4700 K and iron oxide catalyst with a small amount of Al2O3 and K2O.
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