The p -Block Elements

Initial m equivalent of Cu²? = 200 * 0.5 * 2 = 200 m eq
So electricity passed = (0.965*3600)/96500 = 36 * 10? ³ eq. = 36 m eq
m eq CuBr? remaining = 200 – 36 = 164 ∴ N = meq / V (in ml) = 164/200 = 0.82

Sm ⇒ +2, +3 (4f? , 6 s²); Gd ⇒ +3 (4f?5 d¹6 s²)
Tm ⇒ +2 + 3 (4f¹³,6 s²); Nd ⇒ +2, +3, +4 (4f? , 6 s²)

  $Zn+2NaOH\to N{a}_{2}Zn{O}_2+H_2\uparrow$

$\begin{array}{l}2AI+2NaOH+H_{2}O\to 2NaAl{O}_2+3H_2\uparrow \\ Sn+2NaOH+H_{2}O\to NaSn{O}_3+2H_2\uparrow \\ P_4+3NaOH+3H_{2}O\to P{H}_3\uparrow +3Na{H}_{2}P{O}_2\end{array}$

Sometimes, when maximum covalency is obtained, the halides become inert to water, thus SF? (or similarly CCl? ) is stable. This is because SF? is coordinately saturated and sterically hindered. Thus, SF? is inert to water, because of kinetic rather than thermodynamic factor.
A. PCl? + 4H? O → H? PO? + 5HCl
B. SiCl? + 4H? O → Si (OH)? + 4HCl
C. BCl? + 3H? O → B (OH)? + 3HCl

The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy.

As Zn (OH)? , BeO, Al? O? are amphoteric, so they can react with both HCl and NaOH.

(A) SiO? has three-dimensional network structure of Si – O bonds; while carbon dioxide consists of discrete CO? molecules. SiO? is solid, whereas CO? is a gas
(B) Because of its great affinity for oxygen, Si always occurs as the oxide, silica (SiO? ) or in the form of silicates, which are the compounds of SiO? with other metal oxides.
(C) SiO? + 2Mg → Si + 2MgO
(D) The reluctance of silicon to form pπ – pπ bonds to itself is clearly shown by the fact that silicon does not exist in graphite-like structure, but only in diamond like structure.

Due to I, ClO? > BrO? > IO? (stability)

Helium is used as a diluent for oxygen in modern diving apparatus because of its very low solubility in blood.