Chemistry

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The S_N¹  mechanism advances through the production of carbocation. The breakage of the C-halogen bond occurs during this phase. The solution of the halide ions is done with the protons of the protic solvent as a result. In this approach, polar solvents aid in the ionisation process by solvating the ions and stabilising them.

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RMgX+H₂O→RH+Mg (OH)X

Because the Grignard reagents are very reactive in nature, even residues of moisture must be avoided. Even minute amounts of water can cause these reagents to generate hydrocarbons.

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In nature, allyl chloride becomes very reactive due to the production of carbocation, which is extremely stable due to resonance. Due to carbocation, there will be no such stability in the case of n-propyl chloride.

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Due to the resonance stabilisation of the benzyl ring, compound (B) would conduct the S_N¹ reaction faster than compound (A). The carbocation C₆H₅CH₂Cl⁺  is very stable when the -Cl from the ring is cleaved, and it is driven to carry out the S_N¹ reaction.

This is a short answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Phenol will not react with HCl in the presence of ZnCl₂. This is owing to the presence of partial double bond properties between the benzene ring and O, which will result in resonance between the benzene ring and the OH -  group. As a result, no aryl halide will be made.

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Nucleophilic substitutions occur when haloalkanes react with aqueous KOH. The tertiary halide 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane will react with aq. KOH the easiest of the compounds because the initial step involves cleavage of the alkyl and halide groups, resulting in the production of the extremely stable carbocation.

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Methylenecyclohexane and 1-methylcyclohex-1-ene are two chemicals that can produce 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane.

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The alkane C₅H₁₂ is a hydrocarbon with a molecular mass of 72gmol^?1. On photo-chlorination, the tert-isomer of pentane yields a single monochloro derivative and two dichloro derivatives. The following is the structure of the alkane and its chloride derivatives.

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The IUPAC name for this compound is 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane

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Because both methyl groups and chlorine atoms are symmetrically positioned at para-positions in compound (II), these molecules fit better in the crystal lattice than other isomers, and hence have the greatest melting point.