Differential Equations

  $\frac{dy}{dx}-\left(\frac{sin2x}{1+co{s}^{2}x}\right)y=\frac{sinx}{1+co{s}^{2}x}$

IF = $e^{-{\displaystyle \int \frac{sin2xdx}{1+co{s}^{2}x}}}$  

$=e^{ln\left(1+co{s}^{2}x\right)}=\left(1+co{s}^{2}x\right)$        

So, y(1 + cos² x) = ${\displaystyle \int \frac{sinx}{\left(1+co{s}^{2}x\right)}\cdot \left(1+co{s}^{2}x\right)dx}$  

y(1 + cos² x) = – cos x + c

$?$      y(0) = 0

0 = – 1 + c

-> c = 1

$y=\frac{1-cosx}{1+co{s}^{2}x}$   

Now, $y\left(\frac{\pi }{2}\right)=1$  

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+\sqrt[]{\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{x\left(x-1\right)+1}{\left(x-1\right)}+\sqrt[]{\frac{\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}{{\left(x-1\right)}^2{\left(x+1\right)}^2}}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=x+\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[]{\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}}$

$dy=xd+\frac{1}{\left(x-1\right)}dx+\frac{dx}{\sqrt[]{1-x^2}}$

$y=\frac{x^2}{2}+ln\left|x-1\right|+si{n}^{-1}x+c$

at x = 0, y = 2 2 = c

$y=\frac{x^2}{2}+ln\left|x-1\right|+si{n}^{-1}x+2$

$y\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{17}{8}+\frac{\pi }{6}-ln2$

5f(x) + 4f $\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)$  = x² – 4           .(1)

Replace x by  $\frac{1}{x}$

5f  $\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)$  + 4f(x) = $\frac{1}{x^2}$  – 4   .(2)

5 * equation (1) – 4 * equation (2)

$9f\left(x\right)=5x^{2-}\frac{4}{x^2}-4$            

$y=9f\left(x\right)\cdot x^2=\frac{5x^4-4-4x^2}{x^2}{x}^2$            

y = 5x⁴ – 4 – 4x²

y = 20x³ – 8x > 0

4x(5x² – 2) > 0

    $x\in \left(-\sqrt[]{\frac{2}{5}},0\right)\cup \left(\sqrt[]{\frac{2}{5}},\infty \right)$

(t + 1)dx = (2x + (t + 1)³)dt

$\frac{dx}{dt}-\frac{2x}{t+1}={\left(t+1\right)}^2$

I.F. $=e^{{\displaystyle \int -\frac{2}{t+1}dt}}=\frac{1}{{\left(t+1\right)}^2}$  

Solution is

$\frac{x}{{\left(t+1\right)}^2}={\displaystyle \int 1dt}$  

x = (t + c) (t + 1)²

$?$ x (0) = 2 then c = 2

x = (t + 2) (t + 1)²

 x (1) = 12

$\frac{dp}{dt}=0.5p-450andP\left(0\right)=850$

$\Rightarrow \frac{dp}{P-900}=0.5dt$

${\displaystyle \underset{850}{\overset{0}{\int }}\frac{dp}{P-900}={\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{T}{\int }}0.5dt}}$

$\Rightarrow ln\left(P-900\right){|}_{805}^0=0.5T$

$\frac{T}{2}=ln\left|\frac{900}{50}\right|=ln18$

T = 2 ln 18

Let the equation of normal is Y – y = - $\frac{1}{m}\left(X-x\right)$  

where m is slope of tangent to the given curve then

$Y-y=-\frac{dx}{dy}\left(X-x\right)$           

It passes through (a, b) so b – y = $\frac{-dx}{dy}\left(a-x\right)$  

->(a – x) dx = (y – b) dy

On integration     $ax-\frac{x^2}{2}=\frac{y^2}{2}-by+c.........\left(i\right)$  

(ii) passes through (3, -3) &  $\left(4,-2\sqrt[]{2}\right)$  then

3a – 3b – c = 9       .(ii)

& 4a -  $2\sqrt[]{2}b$ - c = 12           .(iii)

also given   $a-2\sqrt[]{2}b=3............(iv)$

Solve (ii), (iii) & (iv) b = 0, a = 3

Hence a² + b² + ab = 9

Given $\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{x{y}^2+y}{x}=y^2+\frac{y}{x}$  

OR   $\frac{dy}{dx}-\frac{y}{x}=y^{2}OR\frac{1}{y^2}\frac{dy}{dx}-\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}=1.........\left(i\right)$          

->   Since curve intersect x + 2y = 4 at x = -2 then y = 3 so

From (ii) $\frac{-2}{3}=-2+cORc=2-\frac{2}{3}=\frac{4}{3}$  

put x = 3, then $\frac{3}{y}=\frac{-9}{2}+\frac{4}{3}=\frac{-19}{6}$  

$\Rightarrow y=\frac{-18}{19}$  

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{1+sin2x}$

$dy=\frac{se{c}^{2}xdx}{{\left(1+tanx\right)}^2}$

$\Rightarrow y=-\frac{1}{1+tanx}+c$

when   $x=\frac{\pi }{4},y=\frac{1}{2}$ gives c = 1

so $x+\frac{\pi }{4}=\frac{5\pi }{6}or\frac{13\pi }{6}\Rightarrow x=\frac{7\pi }{12}or\frac{23\pi }{12}$

sum of all solutions =

$\pi +\frac{7\pi }{12}+\frac{23\pi }{12}=\frac{42\pi }{12}$

Hence k = 42

$\left(4+x^2\right)dy-2x\left(x^2+3y+4\right)dx=0$

$\Rightarrow \frac{dy}{dx}=\left(\frac{6x}{x^2+4}\right)y+2x$

$e^{-3\mathcal{l}n\left(x^2+4\right)}=\frac{1}{{\left(x^2+4\right)}^3}$

so $\frac{y}{{\left(x^2+4\right)}^3}={\displaystyle \int \frac{2x}{{\left(x^2+4\right)}^3}dx+c}$

$\Rightarrow y=-\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+4\right)+c{\left(x^2+4\right)}^3$

When x = 0, y = 0 gives $c=\frac{1}{32}$

So, for x = 2, y = 12

$\frac{dy}{dx}+\frac{2x}{x-1}\cdot y=\frac{1}{{\left(x-1\right)}^2}$

IF $=e^{{\displaystyle \int \frac{2x}{x-1}dx}}$

= $e^{2x}\cdot {\left(x-1\right)}^2$

$y\cdot e^{2x}{\left(x-1\right)}^2=\{e^{2x}\frac{{\left(x-1\right)}^2}{{\left(x-1\right)}^2}dx+C$

y = $\frac{e^{2x}}{2{\left(x-1\right)}^2}+\frac{C}{{\left(x-1\right)}^2}$

y(2) = $\frac{1+e^4}{2e^4},\Rightarrow C=\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{{}^{}}{{}^{}}\frac{}{}$

y(3) = $\frac{e^{\alpha }+1}{\beta e^{\alpha }}=\frac{e^6+1}{8e^6}$