M.A

Hi Arun,
Yes, you can apply for MA Journalism in Bangalore University. You can find the eligibility criteria of all the courses by clicking here http://bangaloreuniversity.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/PG-Admission-ELIGIBLITY-CRITERIA-2017-18-23062017.pdf.

I think no, because the basic eligibility for admission to an MA Programme in Journalism is a Bachelor's degree in Journalism and/or Mass Communication with a minimum of 50% marks. Certain universities may admit students from other streams as well, but it is completely a university discretion.

You can get the job title as :
Bilingual Education
Broadcaster/News Reader
Communication Disorders Specialist
Copywriter
Editor
Grant / Proposal writer
Interpreter
Language Planner
Lexicographer
Professor/Instructor/Teacher
Psycholinguist
Public Relations
Publishing
Researcher
Technical Writer
Translator; and many more.
Hope this helps.

UGC NET is a national level entrance exam, which is conducted by Central Board of Secondary Education. Through UGC NET candidates are selected for the Lectureship and for Junior Research Fellowship. GET more information for NET Exam from here - https://askhindi.com/question/what-is-ugc-net-exam/
As you have completed Masters in Sociology, you can appear in UGC NET 2018 Examination. I hope it helps.

The change in the name of the course will not affect the opportunities you get in future as the course curriculum remains the same.

Both are good. But for pursuing M.Ed you will have to complete B.Ed and you should have teaching experience of minimum 2 years. So go for B.Ed and then plan for M.Ed.