Ncert Solutions Chemistry Class 11th

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

Chlorination of methane is a free radical reaction which occurs by the following mechanism involving initiation, propagation and termination steps:

From the above mechanism, it is evident that during the propagation step, CH3 free radicals are produced, which may undergo three reactions, i.e., (i), (ii) and (iii). In the chain termination step, the two CH3 free radicals combine to form ethane (CH3—CH3) molecule.

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

(a) Eutrophication: When the growth of algae increases in the surface of water, dissolved oxygen in water is reduced. This phenomenon is known as eutrophication. (Due to this growth of fish gets inhibited).

(b) Pneumoconiosis: It is a disease which irritates lungs. It causes scarring or fibrosis of the lung.

(c) Photochemical smog: Photochemical smog is formed as a result of the photochemical decomposition of nitrogen dioxide and chemical reactions involving hydrocarbons. It takes place during dry warm season in the presence of sunlight. It is oxidising in nature.           

(d) C

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

1 ppm or 1 mg dm-3.

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

A Toxic substance that is used to kill insects is called an insecticide. For example: DDT, BHC.

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

Carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NO2).

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

Green chemistry can be applied as mentioned in the following examples:

(i) In dry-cleaning, the use of liquefied CO2 in place of tetrachloroethene.

(ii) In the bleaching of paper using hydrogen peroxide instead of chlorine.

(iii) In the manufacture of chemicals like ethanol, using environment-friendly chemicals and conditions.

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Payal Gupta

Contributor-Level 10

3.36.  (a) Nuclear charge (Z).

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Vishal Baghel

Contributor-Level 10

PCBs are polychlorinated biphenyls. They are contaminants of water. They are used as fluids in transformers and capacitors.

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Payal Gupta

Contributor-Level 10

3.35.  (c) Nuclear mass.

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Payal Gupta

Contributor-Level 10

3.34. Statement (b) is incorrect.

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