Teacher

To become a professor of physics, a research degree is must and especially a Ph.D degree in physics. I will brief you how to go to this Ph.D degree stage and get the degree. In India, it is mandatory to follow a +10+2+3 pattern of education to be qualified for the basic criteria in applying for a Ph.D degree.
You should pass 10th class with a minimum first class and this is called +10 years of education.
You should next pass 12th class with minimum first class and this is called +2 years of education after 10th.
Next, you should have completed a three years Bachelor degree. As you desire of becoming a professor of physics, you are expected to have passed B.Sc physics with a minimum first class. Studying physics related degree is only mandatory and not any other subjects. If you are from reservation category, you can obtain minimum 55% or above through out all years of education.
Completing B.Sc students can either apply for direct Ph.D or take a Masters route. A Masters route is more desirable as it develop students with more in-depth knowledge in physics as compared to a Bachelor degree and it certainly prepares the student well for a research degree like Ph.D. So, you should study M.Sc physics and obtain first class in this case.
Next, write GATE exam and obtain high rank and if your focus is studying at IIT. If you don't want to study at IIT and want to consider other institutions then a UGC-NET score/ CSIR score is essential. You are also expected to have passed UGC-JRF to be eligible for monthly stipend during Ph.D.