Visa

Along with the essential course completion requirements, your application for the Graduate Visa in UK depends on the following aspects of your course as well:

1. the university or your course provider
2. how long did you study in the UK
3. what kind of a course you studied - bachelor's, master's or any doctoral course

No, studying on a Graduate Visa in UK is generally not possible. Students can do so only if their chosen course is not eligible for a student visa in the UK. If you choose a course that is eligible for a student visa then you can apply for the extension of your UK student visa instead. The courses allowed on a Grdauate visa may include professional, recreational or online courses like short courses or skills development that are not covered by a full Student visa. 

UK's Skilled Worker Visa's fee is not refunded upon its grant and usage. The Skilled Worker Visa in the UK is granted for a minimum of 3 years once you start using it, its fee along with the IHS fee become non-refundable.
However, if you work in healthcare roles, then, you might get an automatic IHS refund for working about 6+ months or if your visa was shorter than applied for. 

Since applicants need to pay for a minimum of three years when applying for a Skilled Worker Visa in the UK, applicants with a job offer with lesser in length than that keep looking for a UK work visa that's valid for only 2 years. 

For that reason, one can apply for a "India Young Professionals Scheme visa". This visa allows Indians from 18 to 30 years old to work in the UK for 2 years. The only conditions for getting this visa include- 

• you must have a minimum saving of £2,530
• you must get selected in the India Young Professionals Scheme ballot 

Yes, international students require a temporary authorisation to stay in Luxembourg. The Non-EU students need a Luxembourg student visa to stay and study in this country. The visa application can be made via the Luxembourg Embassy in New Delhi along with all the important documents required. 

For getting UK Skilled Worker visa, you  must have a job that pays a minimum of £41,700 per year or standard salary for that job - whichever is higher. However some jobs have low salary requirements like  healthcare workers, PhDs or workers under 26. These people might get qualified with salaries as low as £25,000.

Students applying from outside the UK need to pay the following UK work visa fee -

• For up to 3 years - £769 per person 
• For longer than 3 years- £1,519 per person 

PTE score of 50 is accepted for student visas especially in Australia & Canada. These scores meet the English requirement for studying abroad. You may need higher scores for better universities, work visas or for getting a PR.

A Holland residence permit or MVV costs around INR 25.6 K. This is a one-time fee paid by all students who are not from a country in the EU. This fees can vary over time. To be eligible for the permit, one would need to provide proof of INR 1.2 Lakhs for monthly cost of living and a TB test to prove their physical and financial health.

Yes, for example, USA requires a J-1 visa for interns. UK requires a Tier 5 (Government Authorised Exchange) visa. Always check the specific visa regulations of the country you are applying to.