Class 12th

No, there may be some charges inside the system. The overall charge is zero because the total positive charge will cancel out the total negative charge inside. This directly follows the principle of additivity of charge, where the positive and negative charges are the algebraic sum of each other. 

The medium is affects force. We know this from the constant, k, in Coulomb's Law, that depends on the medium. If you place a charge in an insulator or dielectric medium, like water, the force between them will decrease. This decrease can be taken into account by the medium's permittivity. 

The polarity of the charges that are interacting help us understand the direction. Like charges, whether it's both positive or negative, will always repel. Unlike charges, when one is positive and the other is negative, will always attract each other. The force acts along the line connecting the two charges. 

The main condition would be that the point charges have to be at rest or be in a stationary position, for Coulomb's Law to work. The thing is, if the charge particles move, we have to consider the impact of magnetic forces then. 

Photodiode in reverse bias mode is used as intensity measuring device.

Rainbow is formed due to internal reflection and dispersion.

In hypermetropia image formed by eye lens is beyond retina and is focussed to retina by a convex lens.