Ncert Solutions Chemistry Class 11th

Reduced pressure distillation technique is used for purification of high boiling organic liquid which decompose near its boiling point. By reducing pressure they boil below their normal boiling point.

Solubility of gas in liquid increases on decreasing the temperature. So water at 4°C will have more dissolved O₂.

Ba has outer electronic configuration 6s².

CaC₂O₄ is insoluble in water.

Compound of Li are covalent so soluble in organic solvent.

Na forms strong monoacidic base.

$P_B^O=$ vapour pressure of benzene at 20°C = 70 torr

$P_M^O$ = vapour pressure of toluene at 20°C = 20 torr

Mixture is equimolar, X_B = 0.5 and X_M = 0.5

Total vapour pressure (P_T) = 70 * 0.5 + 20 * 0.5 = 45 torr

Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase $\left(x_B^{\text{'}}\right)=\frac{P_B^O{X}_B}{P_T}=\left(\frac{70*0.5}{45}\right)torr$

= 0.777 = 77.7 * 10^-2 torr

Ans. = 78 (the nearest integer)

From   $\Delta H=\Delta G+T\Delta S\therefore \Delta S=\frac{\Delta H-\Delta G}{T}$

$\therefore$ $\Delta S=\left[\frac{51.4-\left(-49.4\right)}{300}\right]*1000J{K}^{-1}mo{l}^{-1}=336J{K}^{-1}mo{l}^{-1}$

Regarding industrial consumption of H₂ manufacturing of NH₃ is the largest applications.