Chemistry NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 12th Chapter Seven

Due the absence of inversion and non resonating nature

0.001 M NaOH solution has [OH^-] = 0.001 M = 10^-3 M

Using ; pOH = $-lo{g}_{10}\left[O{H}^{-}\right]$  

=  $-lo{g}_{10}10^{-3}$

pOH = 3

pH = 14 – pOH

pH = 14 – 3

pH = 11

Fluorine forms only one oxoacid which is hypofluorous acid HOF because it shows only – 1 oxidation state. Which is due to its the smallest size among halogens & the highest electronegativity.

$N{H}_{4}C\mathcal{l}\left(aq\right)+NaN{O}_2\left(aq\right)\to N_2\left(g\right)+2H_{2}O\left(\mathcal{l}\right)+NaC\mathcal{l}\left(aq\right)$  

Hence, N₂ gas is produced.

Structure PCl₅ is trigonal bipyramidal,

Hybridization of P is sp³d

Equatorial bonds lie in a plane

Axial bonds are longer than equatorial bonds so axial bonds are weaker than equatorial bonds.

Leaching involves the given reaction,

$4Au\left(s\right)+8C{N}^{-}\left(aq\right)+2H_{2}O\left(aq\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\to 4{\left[Au{\left(CN\right)}_2\right]}^{-}\left(aq\right)+4O{H}^{-}\left(aq\right)$              

Here, O₂ is required for formation of Au (l) cyanide complex but no complex in absence of O₂.

$2{\left[Au{\left(CN\right)}_2\right]}^{-}\left(aq\right)+Zn\left(s\right)\to {\left[Zn{\left(CN\right)}_4\right]}^{2-}\left(aq\right)+2Au\left(s\right)$                

In above displacement reaction, Zn is oxidized.

The equation can be written as-

A^p+_x  +  B^q- _y ? xA^p+ (aq) +  yB^q-

S moles of A and B dissolves to give x S moles of A^p+ and y S moles of Bq-.

K_sp = [A^p+]^x   [B^q-]^y = [x5]^x [y5]^y

= x^x y ^y 5 ^x+y

Xenon form compounds due to the high electronegativity of fluorine and oxygen, low ionization energy compared to lighter noble gases, and the availability of empty d-orbitals. This breaks the old assumption about noble gases being entirely inert.

With the combination of two different halogens, the interhalogen compounds are formed. When compared with pure diatomic halogen molecules, they are more reactive because the bond between different halogens are more polar and weaker. During reactions, it makes them more susceptible to bond cleavage.