Class 11th

Tritium is radioactive and emits low energy β? particles (? e? )

For a given reaction? H is negative. Hence, potential energy profile is of an exothermic reaction.

Due to lanthanoid contraction Zr and Hf has similar atomic and ionic radii.

No. of atoms in Hexagonal primitive unit cell = 6
No. of Tetrahedral voids = 2 * No. of atoms per unit cell
= 2 * 6 = 12
No. of Octahedral voids = No. of atoms per unit cell = 6

Least count = (1 mm) / 100 = 0.01 mm.

$\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}=-{50}^{?}\mathrm{C}$

$\begin{array}{rr}& =223\mathrm{K}\\ & {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}}\propto \sqrt[]{\mathrm{T}}\end{array}$

As $\begin{array}{rr}& =223\mathrm{K}\\ & {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}}\propto \sqrt[]{\mathrm{T}}\end{array}$  increased by 3 times

So ${\left({\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}}\right)}_{\mathrm{f}}=4{\left({\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}}\right)}_{\text{initial}}$

${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{f}}=16{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{i}}$

$=3568\mathrm{K}$

${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{f}}=(3568-273{)}^{?}\mathrm{C}$

$={3295}^{?}\mathrm{C}$

$\eta =1-\frac{T_{\text{sin}k}}{T_{\text{source}}}=0.5$

$\begin{array}{rr}& \frac{{\mathrm{T}}_{\text{sin}}}{{\mathrm{T}}_{\text{source}}}=0.5\\ & \Rightarrow {\mathrm{T}}_{\text{sin}}=\frac{1}{2}*(273+327)\\ & =\frac{1}{2}*600\\ & =300\mathrm{K}\\ & ={27}^{?}\mathrm{C}\end{array}$

Factual (theory based)

Surface energy of bubble $=2*$ charge in surface area x surface tension

$\begin{array}{rr}& =8?{\mathrm{R}}^2*\mathrm{T}\\ & =8*3.142*4*{10}^{-4}*3*{10}^{-2}\mathrm{J}\\ & =30.1*{10}^{-5}\mathrm{J}\end{array}$

Stress $=\frac{\mathrm{F}}{\mathrm{A}}=\frac{\mathrm{T}}{\mathrm{A}}=\frac{\mathrm{W}}{\mathrm{A}}$